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Gerontology > GTerms - Test 1 > Flashcards

GTerms - Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

accommodation

A

the ability of the lens to change shape in order to focus on an image

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2
Q

achlorhydria

A

lack of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

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3
Q

advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs)

A

a nurse practitioner or clinical nurse specialist who holds a master’s degree, has advance clinical experience, and demonstrates depth and breadth of knowledge, competence, and skill in the practice of gerontological nursing.

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4
Q

adverse drug events (ADEs)

A

a poor outcome or response to a drug that results in toxicity, lack of therapeutic effect, or an interaction with another drug, resulting in actual or potental harm to the older person

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5
Q

adverse drug experience

A

any adverse event associated with the use of a drug in humans, whether or not considered drug related, including the following: an adverse event occurring in the course of the use of a drug product in professional practice; an adverse event occurring from the event occurring from the drug abuse; an adverse event occurring from drug withdrawal; and any failure of expected pharmacological action

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6
Q

adverse drug reactions (ADRs)

A

any response to a drug that is noxious and unintended, and that occurs at doses normally used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of disease, or for the modification of physiological function

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7
Q

aerophagia

A

swallowing of air

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8
Q

ageism

A

the attribution of negative stereotypes to a person based solely on that person’s age

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9
Q

age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)

A

degenerative visual disorder for the macula affecting central vision and focus

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10
Q

agnosia

A

inability to recognize familiar objects

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11
Q

alcohol abuse

A

use of alcoholic beverages to excess despite problems resulting from continued use

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12
Q

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

A

a type of dementia of unknown cause with symptoms that show a gradual onset and relentless progression. AD involves a sufficient loss of intellectual ability to interfere with social or occupational functioning, memory loss, possible personality change, and impairments in abstract thinking, judgment, spatial orientation, and/or language. Histopathology reveals characteristic senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

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13
Q

angular cheilosis

A

cracking at the corners of the mouth

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14
Q

anhedonia

A

loss of pleasure from activities that were once enjoyable

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15
Q

anomia

A

a severe problem with word finding and/or retrieval

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16
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite

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17
Q

anorexia of aging

A

diminished appetite associated with aging and related to physiological changes in digestion and metabolism

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18
Q

anthropometric measurements

A

measurements of the body such as for height, weight, body fat, and muscle mass.

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19
Q

anxiety

A

a state of apprehension, uneasiness, or distress

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20
Q

apraxia

A

inability to initiate purposeful motor functioins and/or use objects properly in the absence of known physical problems

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21
Q

atrophic gastritis

A

atrophy of the gastric mucosa, which leads to achlorhydria

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22
Q

caries

A

cavities

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23
Q

cataracts

A

an apacity of the lens of the eye that reduces visual acuity to 20/30 or less

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24
Q

certification

A

the formal process by which clinical competence is validated in a specialty are of practice

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25
Q

cerumen

A

a substance, commonly known as ear wax, produced by sebaceous and apocrine glands in the outer portion of the external auditory canal

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26
Q

chemical restraints

A

drugs used to quiet a person to subdue certain behaviors rather than using nonmedicattion measures

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27
Q

chorea

A

involuntary twitching of the limbs or facial muscles

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28
Q

cognitive function

A

the ability to think, reason, remember, and communicate

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29
Q

cognitive impairment

A

a condition that causes problems with memory or other mental function

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30
Q

competence

A

a leagal determination of the match between an individual’s cognitive abilities and environmental demands

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31
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

hearing loss related to inability to conduct sound secondary to external ear problems such as impacted cerumen, infection or tumor

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32
Q

coping mechanisms

A

methods used by individuals to adjust or accept a threat or challenge

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33
Q

dehydration

A

abnormal loss of water from the body because of a medical condition or physical exertion

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34
Q

delirium

A

potentially reversible acute-onset confusional state

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35
Q

delusions

A

a fixed or false belief that is firmly held despite convincing evidence to the contrary

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36
Q

dementia

A

acquired, profressive state of long duration (months to years) of decreased mental ability that impairs daily activities in a previously alert individual.

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37
Q

dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)

A

a type of dementia characterized by a fluctuating course of cognitive impairment that includes episodic confusion and lucid intervals similar to delirium and (1) visual and/or auditory hallucinations resulting in paranoid delusions, (2) mild extrapyramidal symptoms or adverse extrapyramidal response to standard doses of neuroleptics, or (3) repeated, unexplained falls; histopathology reveals presence of Lewy bodies. Also called diffuse Lewy body disease.

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38
Q

dependency on others

A

relying on someone else for support or care

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39
Q

depression

A

mental disorder marked by symptoms of long-lasting despondent mood often described as overwhelming sadness or emptiness, changes in appetite or weight or sleeping pattern, feeling either agitated or slowed down, loss of interestin usual activities, decreased energy, feeling worthless and guilty, difficulty thinking and concentrating, and thoughts of death or suicide

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40
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

microvascular changes to the blood vessels in the eye commonly found in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, especially those with poor glycemic control

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41
Q

dysgeusia

A

an impairment in the sense of taste

42
Q

dysphagia

A

difficult swallowing or the perception of difficult swallowing, often resulting in delay or inability to transport ingested food from the oropharynx to the stomach

43
Q

dysthymia

A

chronic feelings of sadness and lack of enjoyment in life

44
Q

dystonia

A

involuntary muscle contractions that force certain parts of the body into tabnormal and sometimes painful movements or positions

45
Q

edentulism

A

lack of teeth

46
Q

edentulous

A

without teeth

47
Q

epidemiology

A

the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases and injuries in human populations

48
Q

epilepsy

A

a chronic condition produced by temporary changes in the electrical function of the brain causing reoccurring and unprovoked seizures that affect awareness, movement, or sensation

49
Q

executive function

A

ability to plan and think abstractly; loss of executive function is detected when persons with dementia interpret proverbs literally versus their abstract meaning

50
Q

first-pass effect drugs

A

drugs significantly metabolized when they first flow through the liver (first pass into the liver).

51
Q

flat affect

A

lack of facial expression or emotional response

52
Q

frontotemporal dementia

A

a type of dementia characterized by symptoms of altered personality similar to changes in duced by damage of frontal lobes from other causes (injury, stroke); symptoms include behavioral disinhibition, loss of social or personal awareness, or disengagement with apathy.

53
Q

functional health patterns

A

an interrelated group of behavioral areas that provides a view of the whole person and his/her relationship with the environment.

54
Q

geriatrics

A

from the greek word geras meaning “old age” medical specialty focusing on diagnosing and treating disease of older people

55
Q

gerontological nursing

A

a nursing specialization concerned with the provision of high quality care to older adults

56
Q

gerontology

A

from the greek word geron meaning “old man”; the study of aging and health problems of older people with a holistic focus including biologic, sociologic, psychologic, spiritual, and economic issues

57
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

58
Q

glaucoma

A

a disorder of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that can lead to irreversible damage to the optic nerve with accompanying loss of vision.

59
Q

glossitis and cheilosis

A

red, swollen tongue and lips; can be symptoms of vitamin deficiency

60
Q

gradual dose reduction (GDR)

A

gradual dose reduction is the stepwise tapering of a dose to determine if symptoms, conditions, or risk can be managed by a lower dose or if the dose or medication can be discontinued

61
Q

hallucinations

A

sensory perceptions that occur without the appropriate stimulation of the corresponding sensory organ such as seeing people who are not present

62
Q

homeostasis

A

the tendency of the body toward maintaining equilibrium

63
Q

homeostenosis

A

inability of the body to restore homeostasis after even minor environmental challenges such as trauma or infection

64
Q

hypogeusia

A

a decreased ability to taste

65
Q

hyposmia

A

a decreased sense of smell

66
Q

iatrogenesis

A

illness or disability resulting from medical intervention

67
Q

leukoplakia

A

a precancerous thick white patch that develops on the inside of the mouth or other mucous membrane

68
Q

life expectancy

A

the average number of years from birth that an individual can expect to live

69
Q

life span

A

biological limit to the length of life. Life span varies by species

70
Q

malnutrition

A

poor nutrition, generally refers to protein-calorie undernutrition

71
Q

medication regimen review (MRR)

A

Is a process required by medicare that involves a thorough evaluation of an individual’s medication regimen by a pharmacist, in collaboration with other members of the interdisciplinary team

72
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

a chronic disabling diesase that affects the central nervous system causing numbness, weakness, paralysis, or loss of vision

73
Q

nursing diagnosis

A

the naming of an individual’s response to actual or potential health problems or life process

74
Q

over-the-counter (OTC) medication

A

a nonprescription medicine

75
Q

parkinsonism

A

a neurological syndrome characterized by tremor, rigidity, and instability when walking

76
Q

Parkinson’s disease (PD)

A

a chronic, progressive neurological disorder in which a syndrome consisting of variable combinations of tremor, rigidity, and extreme slowness in movement occurs wihtout evidence of more widespread neurological involvement

77
Q

periodontal disease

A

gum disease

78
Q

personality

A

a set of personal characteristics, attitudes, and beliefs that influence how an older person interacts with the world

79
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

absorption, biotransformation, distribution, and eliminationo of drug (what the body does to the drug.)

80
Q

pharmacogenetics

A

the investigation of genetic variations that give rise to individual and differing responses to drug therapy

81
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

effect of a drug on the body (what the drug does to the body)

82
Q

Pick’s disease

A

a type of dementia that is a subtype of a frontotemporal dementia and characterized by Pick bodies inside nerve cells and ballooned nerve cells

83
Q

polypharmacy

A

the prescription, administration, or use of more medications than are clinically indicated in a given patient

84
Q

presbycusis

A

bilateral loss of hearing due to age-related changes in the inner ear

85
Q

presbyopia

A

a universal age-related change in the lens of the eye involving loss of accommodation. Objects held closer than 1 to 2 feet

86
Q

pseudodementia

A

a state of cognitive impairment caused by depression or another condition when evidence of an organic disorder is lacking

87
Q

risk factors

A

factors whose presence are associated with an increased probability that disease will develop at a later time

88
Q

sarcopenia

A

loss of muscle mass, occuring with age

89
Q

scope of practice

A

a range of nursing functionns that are differentiated according to the level of practice, the role of the nurse, and the work setting. The parameters are determined by each state’s nurse practice act, professional code of ethics, and nursing practice standards, as well as each individual’s personal competency to perform particular activities of functions.

90
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

a depression that occurs in the fall and spring months in older persons who have normal mental health during the rest of the year

91
Q

senescence

A

pregressive deterioration of body systems that can increase the risk of mortality as an individual gets older

92
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

hearing loss related to inability of the inner ear to transmit sound waves to the brin for interpretation.

93
Q

spatial disorientation

A

misperception of immediate surroundings such as the inability to distinguish a two-dimensional object from a three-dimensional object or not knowing where one is in relation to the environment; leads to getting lost

94
Q

standards

A

authoritative statement enunciated and promulgated by a profession by which the quality of practice, service, or education of that profession’s practitioners can be judged

95
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammatory changes of the mucous membrane in the mouth and throat including sores and ulcerations

96
Q

stress

A

an internal or external event that creates a nonspecific response in the older person

97
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing, buzzing, pulsations, or clicking when no actual sound stimulus is present

98
Q

undernutrition

A

poor nutrition, including unintentional weight loss

99
Q

vascular dementia

A

a type of dementia caused by multiple small and/or large brain infarcts or a small strategically placed stroke and is characterized by abrupt onset, focal neurological findings, low-density areas, and/or presence of multiple strokes in CT or MRI scans.

100
Q

xerostomia

A

dryness in the mouth associated with decreased saliva production

Gerontology (1 decks)

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