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GST 122 Flashcards

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1
Q

What major empires emerged in the pre-colonial history of Nigeria?

A

Oyo, Benin and Igbo States

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2
Q

Who formulated the Hamitic Hypothesis?

A

C.G Seligman

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3
Q

Who authored the book “Races of Africa”?

A

C.G Seligman

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4
Q

The racist view of Africa was propagated by the early _____

A

Europeans

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5
Q

Who authored the book “How Europe Underdeveloped Africa”?

A

Walter Rodney

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6
Q

The Trans-Atlantic Slave trade started in which century?

A

Sixteenth

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7
Q

Name the sources Africans have to turn to to debunk the Hamitic hypothesis.

A
  1. Literary Sources
  2. Archaeology
  3. Cultural History or Ethnology
  4. Historical Linguistics
  5. Physical Anthropology
  6. Oral Tradition
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8
Q

Literary sources of Nigerian history can be divided into how many categories?

A

Three

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9
Q

Literary works by Arab scholars, geographers and historians help us to get insight into the history of early peoples of West Africa most especially from which century up to which century?

A

eighth up to fifteenth

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10
Q

What was used to reconstruct the history of Ghana, Mali, Bornu empires and Hausa states?

A

Literary sources

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11
Q

Name the Arab writers who wrote about the people of West Africa.

A
  1. Leo Africanus
  2. Al-Barki
  3. Al-Umari
  4. Ibn Khaldun
  5. Magrizi
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12
Q

Name the two indigenous African writers who wrote about the people of West Africa

A
  1. Ahmad Ibn Fartuwa

2. Al-Barnawi

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13
Q

Who are the people who wrote about Sokoto and the Sokoto Jihad?

A
  1. Usman Dan Fodio
  2. Al Said
  3. Abdulahi
  4. Mohammed Bello
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14
Q

European literary sources of Nigerian history may be divided into how many categories?

A

Two

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15
Q

Name the two European Literary Sources Nigerian history may be divided into

A

Primary sources and general literature

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16
Q

Name two Europeans who were clear falsifiers of Africa’s history.

A

Stanley and Carl Peters

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17
Q

Who mistook the Saan and the Khoi-Khoi for one and the same people?

A

John Van Riebeecks

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18
Q

Who wrongly ascertained that the Niger flows into the Nile?

A

Frederick Horneman

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19
Q

Name the three categories in which literary source of Nigerian history can be divided into

A
  1. Works by Arab scholars, geographers and historians
  2. Indigenous Africans who had acquired knowledge of Arabic writing
  3. European writers (e.g. explorers and colonial masters) and Africans who had acquired knowledge of English writing
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20
Q

List seven European writers who wrote about Nigeria.

A
  1. Pachero
  2. Periera
  3. Dappa
  4. De Barros
  5. Hubbard
  6. Nyendeal
  7. Ruy de Pina
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21
Q

List seven European writers who wrote about Benin in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries

A
  1. Pachero
  2. Periera
  3. Dappa
  4. De Barros
  5. Hubbard
  6. Nyendeal
  7. Ruy de Pina
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22
Q

List six explorers who wrote about Nigeria

A
  1. John and Richard Lander (Lander brothers)
  2. Clapperton
  3. Henry Bath
  4. Mary Kingsley
  5. Frederick Horneman
  6. Richard Deham
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23
Q

Name three early Nigerians in the book “Nigerian Peoples and Culture” who had acquired knowledge of English writing.

A
  1. Samuel Johnson
  2. Jacob Egharevba
  3. Olaudah Equiano
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24
Q

What is archaeology?

A

Archaeology is the historical science which attempts to reconstruct the past the analysis and interpretation of excavated natural objects.

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25
Q

What source has been used to solve difficult problems regarding wide issues as the origin of man and the re-establishment of truth and facts about African civilizations and cultures?

A

Archaeology

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26
Q

What source was used to lay to rest the old myths and reactionary falsifications of history regarding Zimbabwe, Kingdoms of Sudan, Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Nok, Ife, and Benin?

A

Archaeology

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27
Q

What is cultural history?

A

Cultural history or Ethnology is a method of establishing the relationship between two cultures and the evolution they have experienced.

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28
Q

How is cultural history achieved?

A

By comparing cultural traits common to the two cultures

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29
Q

What is historical linguistics?

A

Historical linguistics is a historical science whose subject is the establishment of the genetic links between languages and groups of people.

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30
Q

What source of African history gives the history of Migrations?

A

Historical Linguistics

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31
Q

What is Physical Anthropology?

A

Physical anthropology attempts to establish the similarities and dissimilarities between the cultures of the world.

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32
Q

What source of African history contributed immensely to the study of the origin of man, and man’s gradual spread to different parts of the world?

A

Physical anthropology

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33
Q

Answer True or False:

The value of physical anthropology to history is limited

A

True

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34
Q

Why is the value of physical anthropology to history limited?

A

Because the result of physical anthropology is more or less generalized

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35
Q

Name three cultures that existed in Southern Precolonial Nigeria?

A
  1. Ife
  2. Benin
  3. Igbo-Ukwu
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36
Q

Which culture influenced the Ife culture?

A

Nok culture

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37
Q

The people of Ife developed a civilization that dates back to _____?

A

6th Century B.C. to 100 A.D.

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38
Q

The main features of Ife culture include _____ and ______?

A

iron working and craft specialization

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39
Q

Name the constituents of Ife art.

A
  1. Terra cotta and brass
  2. Bronze moldings of human heads and some animals.
  3. Wood carving and potsherd pavement
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40
Q

Name the feature of Ife brass heads.

A

They were made of copper and zinc

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41
Q

Name the feature of Ife terra cotta heads.

A

They had vertical facial marks.

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42
Q

Name three archaeologists who brought Ife art to life.

A
  1. Leo Frobenius
  2. Oliver Myers
  3. Frank Willet
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43
Q

Benin got its knowledge of brass casting from which culture?

A

Ife

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44
Q

Who were the first in precolonial Nigeria to be visited by the Europeans?

A

The Binis

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45
Q

Name the constituents of Bini art.

A
  1. Brass and bronze head figures
  2. Stools and vessels
  3. Potsherd pavement which is similar to that of Ife
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46
Q

Where is Igbo-Ukwu town located?

A

40 km south west of Onitsha in Anambra State

47
Q

Name seven features of Igbo-Ukwu culture.

A
  1. Bronze
  2. Pottery decorated in highly ornamental manner
  3. Vessels
  4. Beads
  5. Objects made of copper such as earrings, bracelets, wrist-lets and bells
  6. Models of animals such as snakes, ram heads and chameleon.
  7. A sophisticated burial site for a very important personality
48
Q

Who carried extensive archaeological study of Igbo-Ukwu?

A

Professor Thurstan Shaw

49
Q

List the trade of the Igbo-Ukwu culture

A
  1. Trans-Saharan ivory trade.
  2. Trade in slaves.
  3. Trade in kola nuts.
50
Q

Radiocarbon dating shows Igbo-Ukwu culture flourished from which time period?

A

1100 B.C. to about 850 A.D.

51
Q

Who authored the book “History of the Yoruba”?

A

Rev. Samuel Johnson

52
Q

What is Obatala also known as?

A

Orisa Nla or Orisa Alase

53
Q

In Yoruba, “Oye” means _____ ?

A

Immortals

54
Q

What is the name of the site in which Obatala and the sixteen Oye landed from heaven to earth called?

A

Oke Oramfe in Ife

55
Q

When did the Oyo empire emerge?

A

In the middle of the fifteenth century

56
Q

Traditions have it that Oyo was established by who?

A

Oranmiyan, the son of Oduduwa

57
Q

Who is credited to have established the present Benin monarchy?

A

Oranmiyan

58
Q

Who was the head of the Oyo empire?

A

The Alafin

59
Q

What was the Alafin regarded as?

A

The Lord of many lands

60
Q

What is the name of the fourth king of the Oyo empire?

A

Sango

61
Q

Who regained the lost military fame of the Oyo empire, was a skilled commander and successful statesman?

A

Orompoto

62
Q

Who was a powerful king in whose reign Dahomey was brought under the authority of Oyo empire?

A

Ojigi

63
Q

How did the Oyo empire derive its revenue?

A

Trade in agriculture and craft products

64
Q

Where does Hausa kola come from?

A

Yoruba land

65
Q

How many members made up the Oyomesi?

A

Seven

66
Q

Who were the king makers in the Oyo empire?

A

The Oyomesi

67
Q

Who played a mediatory role in any conflict between the Oyomesi and the Alafin?

A

The Ogboni cult

68
Q

Who headed the Oyomesi?

A

The Bashorun

69
Q

What is the title of the head of the army of the Oyo empire?

A

Are-Ona-Kankanfo

70
Q

In the Oyo empire, provincial governors were called ____?

A

Bale

71
Q

The name of the personal agents of the Alafin in the provinces is called _____ ?

A

Ilari

72
Q

Which festival took place annually in the Oyo empire and was a period of renewal of allegiance of the provincial governors to the central government?

A

Bere

73
Q

Which century began the fall of the Oyo empire?

A

Eighteenth

74
Q

What two factors led to the fall of the Oyo empire?

A
  1. The vastness of the empire

2. The autonomy granted to the provinces

75
Q

Which Bashorun caused the death of four consecutive Alafins in quick succession and usurped the throne in the year 1754?

A

Bashorun Gaha

76
Q

Who eliminated Bashorun Gaha and members of his family?

A

Alafin Abiodun

77
Q

Who freed the Egbas from the Oyo’s suzerainty?

A

Lasisi

78
Q

What is the name of the king of Dahomey that stopped the payment of tributes to Oyo?

A

Geze

79
Q

In which century was Oyo attacked and sacked by Muslim jihadists from Illorin?

A

Nineteenth

80
Q

In what year did the Europeans first visit Benin Kingdom?

A

1472

81
Q

In whose reign as Oba did the Portuguese first visit Benin Kingdom?

A

Oba Ewaure

82
Q

What is the name of the European that visited Oba Ewuare in 1472?

A

Ruy de Sequeira

83
Q

In whose reign as Oba did the Portuguese Affonso De Aviero visit Benin Kingdom?

A

Oba Ozolua

84
Q

In what year did the Portuguese Affonso De Aviero visit Benin Kingdom?

A

1484

85
Q

Which kingdom was the first in the west coast of Africa to exchange ambassador with a major European power?

A

The Benin Kingdom

86
Q

Benin sent an ambassador to Portugal during the reign of Oba Ozolua in what year?

A

1481

87
Q

In what year was a chief of Ughoton sent as an ambassador to Portugal?

A

1504

88
Q

In whose reign as Oba was a chief of Ughoton sent as an ambassador to Portugal?

A

Oba Esigie

89
Q

The first period of Benin pre-colonial history is known as ______?

A

The Ogiso Era

90
Q

“Ogiso” means what?

A

“King of the sky”

91
Q

What is the name of the first Ogiso?

A

Ogiso Igbodo

92
Q

Who was Ogiso Igbodo succeeded by?

A

Ogiso Ere

93
Q

Who is credited to have created the guild system?

A

Ogiso Ere

94
Q

What does “owina” mean in Bini language?

A

Wood-workers

95
Q

What does “owinaido” mean in Bini language?

A

Weavers

96
Q

What does “ohue” mean in Bini language?

A

Hunters

97
Q

What does “emahe” mean in Bini language?

A

pot makers

98
Q

What does “esohian” mean in Bini language?

A

leather workers

99
Q

What does “igbesamwan” mean in Bini language?

A

carvers

100
Q

Who encouraged various craftsmen to form associations with monopoly rights to produce, standardize, market and attend to their products?

A

Ogiso Ere

101
Q

Who introduced the royal throne (ekete) and the symbol of authority (ada and eben)?

A

Ogiso Ere

102
Q

Who was Ogiso Ere succeeded by?

A

Orire

103
Q

Who was the last Ogiso?

A

Owodo

104
Q

Who founded Ughoton - a port town in Benin?

A

Ekaladeran

105
Q

Who headed the republican government established by the elders of Benin Kingdom?

A

Evian

106
Q

Who attempted to usurp the throne by nominating his son Ogiamen to succeed him?

A

Evian

107
Q

Who gave the country the name “Ile-Ibinu”?

A

Oranmiyan

108
Q

Who was the first oba of Benin?

A

Eweka I

109
Q

Who was Oba Eweka succeeded by and in what year?

A

Uwakhuhen. In 1220 A.D

110
Q

The Benin society was classified into ____ distinct classes.

A

Two

111
Q

What are the names of the classes that Benin society was classified into?

A

The Nobility (Adesotu) and the commoner (Ighiotu).

112
Q

The Nobility (Adesotu) was organized into ____ groups of title holders?

A

Three

113
Q

Name the groups of title holders the nobility were organized into.

A
  1. The Uzama
  2. The Eghaevbo N’Ogbe (Palace chiefs)
  3. The Eghaevbo N’Ore (Town chiefs)

Nigerian History (1 decks)

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