GSELF- Prelims Flashcards
1
Q
Self to Ancient Philosophers
A
Perfection of soul
2
Q
Imperative
A
One must know the limits of thyself
3
Q
What is inscribed in the entrance of Greek temples?
A
“Know thyself”
4
Q
“The unexamined life is not worth living” He also recognizes ignorance; father of philosophy
A
Socrates
5
Q
Other term for soul
A
psyche
6
Q
“To know is to know that you know nothing, that is the meaning of true knowledge”
A
Socrates
7
Q
“Human behavior flows from three main sources:
desire, emotion, and knowledge.”
A
Plato
8
Q
the examination of the self is a
unique experience; it differs from person to person,
A
Plato
9
Q
Understanding how these three elements work then leads to
understanding of the self.
A
Appetitive, Spirited, Mind
10
Q
consists of one’s pleasures, desires, physical satisfactions,
and comforts.
A
Appetitive
11
Q
is the motivated element, which fights back to ensure that
the appetitive is controlled.
A
Spirited
12
Q
most superior element of the psyche, which controls how
the self is expressed.
A
Mind
13
Q
Meaning of NOUS
A
Conscious awareness
14
Q
“This is the very perfection of man; to find out his own imperfections.”
A
St. Augustine
15
Q
the self develops through self-presentation and
self-realization.
A
St. Augustine
16
Q
Man’s end goal according to St. Augustine
A
Happiness attained through God
17
Q
Self according to Modern philosophers
A
Dialectic analysis between rationalism and empiricism
18
Q
deals with thinking and innate ideas, and regards reason as the main source of knowledge.
A
Rationalism
19
Q
has to do with sense experience where knowledge is based on how one observes and perceives his/her experiences.
A
Empiricism
20
Q
I think therefore I am
A
Rene Descartes
21
Q
states that everything must be subjected to doubt or that everything should be questioned.
A
Methodic doubt
22
Q
a way of searching for certainty by systematically and tentatively doubting everything.
A
Methodic doubt
23
Q
“It is not enough to have a good mind; the main thing is to
use it well.”
A
Rene Descartes
24
Q
According to Rene, this is the primary condition why the self exists
A
Human rationality
25
“No man’s knowledge here can go beyond his experience.”
John Locke
26
was an advocate of Empiricism. His concept of “tabula rasa” .
John Locke
27
explains how the self starts out as
an empty space
Tabula Rasa
28
“There is no self.”
David Hume
29
According to Him, the idea of the self is merely derived from
impressions. which are subjective,
temporary, and prejudicial. They do not persist.
David Hume
30
“If man makes himself a worm, he must not complain when he is
trodden on.”
Immanuel Kant
31
synthesized the rationalist and empiricist views. He proposed that the self is always transcendental.
Immanuel Kant
32
Accordingly, rationality unifies and makes sense of the perceptions we have in our experiences.
Immanuel Kant
32
Self according to contemporary philosophers
Wide variety of
theories that could be used in understanding the self.
33
There are things about the self that one knows and is aware of, and at the same time, there are those that one does not know and is unaware of. ( A model)
Typographical Model
34
This model explains how the “I “ is both conscious and unconscious.
Freud’s Iceberg Theory illustrates this.
Typographical model
35
According to him, “I” being
a product of multiple interacting processes.
Sigmund Freud
36
This model looks into the structures of personality or the self, as Freud proposed.
Structural model
37
Parts of typographical model (imagine definitions of each)
Conscious, subconscious, unconscious
38
is the primitive or instinctive component, which consists of one’s primal urges and wants.
ID
39
is the reality principle,
and balances the id and superego.
Ego
40
synthesizes the values
and morals of society, and includes one’s conscience.
Superego
41
“I act, therefore I am.”
Gilbert Ryle
42
He stated that the self may be understood based
on the external manifestations
Gilbert Ryle
42
“I live in my body.”
MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY
43
refers to an entity that can
never be objectified or known in a completely objective sort of way.
Lived body
44
proposed that perception is a causal process; Distinguish truth from illusion.
MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY
44
This concept explains how mental concepts are mistaken and do not adequately allow people to know about what is going on with
themselves.
“Eliminative Materialism”
45
“Brains are not magical; they are causal machines.”
PAUL and PATRICIA CHURCHLAND
46
“To love society is to love something beyond us
and something in ourselves.”
EMILE DURKHEIM
47
Before we were born, there are already societal influences on us that shape our life and personalities.
EMILE DURKHEIM
48
While alive, the societal influences continue
to have an impact on us, and even beyond our lifetime.
EMILE DURKHEIM
48
conditions and circumstances external to the individual that,
nevertheless, determine the individual’s course of action.
Social Facts
49
According to him, sociology is all about analyzing social facts
EMILE DURKHEIM
49
is the degree to which an individual is connected to the
society.
Social integration
50
the doctrine that rationality leaves room for the individualities of personalities of subjects to express themselves
Moral Individualism
50
results from a collective consciousness or a shared way of understanding and behaving in the world in terms of norms, beliefs, and values.
Social integration
51
How the rights and dignity of an individual is dependent to the justice system
Moral Individualism
52
How people get to live together peacefully
Division of labor
53
"Self-concept is formed through our impressions on
how other people see us."
Charles Horton Cooley
54
He proposed that one’s self grows out of one’s social interactions with others. The degree of personal
insecurity displayed in social situations is determined by
what one believes other people think of him/her.
Charles Horton Cooley
55
This occurs when we are labeled, and others’ views
and expectations of us are affected by that labeling.
Labeling bias
56
This occurs when we are repeatedly labeled and evaluated by others, and we adopt other’s labels explicitly into our self-concept
Self-labeling
57
This occurs when we are repeatedly labeled and evaluated by others, and we adopt other’s labels explicitly into our self-concept
Self-labeling
58
prejudice, when individuals turn prejudice directed toward them by others onto themselves.
Internalized prejudice
59
negatively. Those who are negatively labeled may claim these labels more positively to feel better about themselves.
Positive reclaiming
60
Looking glass-self
Charles Horton Cooley
61
Stages of the self
George Herbert Mead
62
The conception one holds about
the self in one’s mind emerges from social interaction with
others.
George Herbert Mead
63
The self is neither present at birth nor at the beginning of social interaction. It is constructed and re-constructed in the process of social experience.
George Herbert Mead
63
objective element; represents the expectations and attitudes of others
Me
64
Subjective element; the response to the “me” or the person’s individuality,
“I”
65
children merely imitate the people around them
Preparatory stage
66
Stage they now do pretend
play of different characters or roles they become more aware of social relationships; they
can mentally assume the perspective of another.
play stage
67
begins to consider several actual
tasks and relationships
simultaneously; grasp not only their social position but also those of others around them
Game stage
68
What age is the game stage
about age 8-9
69
"Our reality is rooted in society and learning."
Zeus Salazar
70
Language is needed in order for us to articulate this reality.
Zeus Salazar
71
is a self-subsisted
ideological circle consisting of active subjects.
pantayo
72
a from-us-for-us perspective. It is any social collectivity which possesses a relatively unified and internally articulated linguistic-cultural structure of communication
Pantayong pananaw
73
makes use of dynamic dualism, or a pairing of concepts, in order to understand the Filipino personality.
PROSPERO COVAR
74
Loob is paired
with labas while budhi is paired with kaluluwa.
PROSPERO COVAR
75
This includes the biological and natural aspects of culture.
Likas
76
This includes the artificial and man-made aspects of culture.
Likha
77
discussed several aspects of the self, each of which become more prominent or are
sampled in a specific type of culture. private, public and collective self
HARRY TRIANDIS
78
This includes your understanding of yourself.
Private Self
79
This covers how you are perceived by other people in
general.
Public Self
80
This refers to your sense of belonging to a social
group such as your family, friends, religious affiliation, nation, and
other groups you might belong to.
Collective Self
81
culture is rigid in requiring that members behave according to
the norms.
Tight culture
82
has a high tolerance for deviation from norms.
Lose culture
83
The culture there is a common way of living.
Simple culture
84
The culture has several ways of life.
Complex culture
85
These cultures give importance to being an active player in society.
Collective culture
86
these cultures, emphasis is placed on the individualistic self.
individualistic culture
86
these cultures, emphasis is placed on the individualistic self.
individualistic culture
87
concept wherein the human person is composed of matter or the body and form or the soul. who is the inventor?
Hylemorphic Theory; Aristotle
88
The ultimate goodness, perfection, or
excellence
Arete
89
Thought wherein, they see the self as one entity.
The body and soul is always one self.
Eastern thought
90
The thought where the self is very much anchored on the individuality of the
psyche.
Western thought
91
this is a polytheistic religion from India.
Hinduism
92
It is the true self because it is
unchanging and it is identical to Brahman, the only one reality.
Atman
93
another religion that originated from India. Although some
people claim it is not a religion but a way of life.
Buddhism
94
claims that
there is no self because it is considered as nothing but an evolution and transformation of inner consciousness.
Buddhism
95
Siddhartha Gautama
Buddha
96
He believed that the
society has primacy over the individual person. The self is a person within
the society who exhibits refinement and compassion.
Confucius
97
the new self formed in the right education under the virtuous teacher as the
role model; also known as gentleman and superior man; according to Chinese.
Junzi
98
originally means sacrifice but later it is better understood as a refined manner of spiritual rituals and sacrifices, and protocols in
honoring the ancestors.
Li
99
the character of the self
that sincerely shows compassion for others
Ren
100
Represents the Chinese counterculture. The good life for is the simple life, spontaneous, in harmony with nature,
Taoism
101
They are champions of individuality and individual
freedom.
Taoist's
102
The Chinese philosopher Confucius ascertained Chinese civilization by establishing social order.
Confician Philosophy
103
this is from the (humanness)
philosophy of Africa. A Zulu proverb says “a person is a person
through other persons”. Thus, we are all brothers and sisters and
people need reconciliation with others to realize this philosophy.
African Ubuntu Philosophy
104
Emphasized the unity of a nation –
the chosen people of God. This is basically a communal
perspective of the self shared by eastern traditions.
Judeo-Christian Philosophies
105
Islam shares similar perspective with Judeo-
Christian Philosophies by believing in the importance of community over the individual. Also, it highlights the oneness of Allah and the inclusivity of Islam as a religion.
Islamic traditions
106
The Eastern philosophy is more attuned to the collective dimension of the self, compared to
the Western individualistic ideals of the self.
hehe
