Grupos Funcionales Flashcards

1
Q

Estructura Halogenuros

A

R - X
X = Cloro (Cl), Bromo (Br) y Yodo (I)
X = halógeno

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2
Q

Nomenclatura Halogenuros

A

n° Halógeno n° cadena

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3
Q

Tipo de halogenuro: R - C - X

A

Primario

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4
Q

Tipo de halogenuro: R - C - X
|
R

A

Secundario

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5
Q

Tipo de halogenuro:

  R
  | R - C - X
  |
  R
A

Terciario

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6
Q

Estructura Alcohol

A

R - OH

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7
Q

Nomenclatura Alcohol

A

n° Cadena(ol)

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8
Q

Tipos de alcoholes

A

Primarios, secundarios y terciarios.

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9
Q

Estructura Aldehídos

A

R - C = O
|
H

R - (CHO)

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10
Q

Como se le llama a la estructura
C = O en los aldehídos?

A

Carbonilo

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11
Q

Que se necesita para que un aldehído sea aldehído?

A

Que el carbonilo esté al final de la cadena.

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12
Q

Nomenclatura aldehído

A

n° cadena (al)

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13
Q

Estructura cetonas

A

R - (CO) - R

R - C - R
||
O

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14
Q

Que se necesita para que una cetona sea cetona?

A

Que el grupo carbonilo no esté a los extremos de la cadena.

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15
Q

Nomenclatura cetonas

A

(n° carbonilo) cadena (ona)

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16
Q

Estructura Éter

A

R - O - R

17
Q

Nomenclatura Éter

A

cadena 1 y 2 nombradas como radical (éter)

18
Q

Estructura Ácidos carboxílicos

A

R - C - OH
||
O

(R - COOH)

19
Q

Nomenclatura Ácidos carboxílicos

A

ácido n° radical - n° cadena (oico)

20
Q

Estructura Ester

A

R - C - O -R
||
O

21
Q

Nomenclatura Ester

A

cadena de carbonilo (oato) de cadena de oxígeno (ilo)

22
Q

Estructura aminas

A

R -NH2/NH/N

23
Q

Tipos de aminas

A

Primarias (NH2) secundarias (NH) terciarias (N)

24
Q

Nomenclatura amina

A

N-cadena(nombrada como radical) n° amina

25
Q

Estructura amidas

A

R - C - NH2
||
O

R - (CONH2)

26
Q

Nomenclatura amida

A

N-radical cadena amida

27
Q

Nitrilos Estructura

A

R - C (enlace triple) N

R - (CN)

28
Q

Nomenclatura Nitrilos

A

Cadena(nitrilo)