Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A Level Britain > Growth of Parliamentary Democracy > Flashcards

Growth of Parliamentary Democracy Flashcards

1
Q

What was the qualification to be an MP in a county and when was it set

A

property worth over £2 set in 1430

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two examples of counties to show the poor system

A

Bedfordshire 2000 people and York 20000 people but both 2 MPs in 1800

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What were Boroughs

A

Urban towns which had 2 MPs and differing franchise qualifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Corporation Borough

A

Only members of the town council could vote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Freemen

A

Anyone with this status could vote, could be inherited, bestowed or obtained through wedlock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Scot and Lot

A

Anyone who paid poor rates could vote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Burgage

A

Ancient form of rent put on property in a borough which would warrant a vote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Potwalloper

A

Householders with a hearth big enough to boil a pot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Freeholder

A

The same as county system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did the lack of a secret ballot mean

A

votes could be publicly viewed which allowed for intimidation and bribery to sway the votes - corruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pocket Borough

A

A smaller borough that would be controlled by the wealthy landlords as they would be MPs due to corruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happened to the Pocket borough Gatton in Surrey in 1801

A

It was effectively bought for £90,000 through bribery so the owner wouldn’t have to stand in election

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rotten Borough

A

Boroughs that weren’t as important or large as they once were due to the outdated selection system so were very unrepresentative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Best example of a Rotten Borough in he late 1700s

A

Dulwich with 2 MPs and 14 voters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Best exampled of a non borough extremely unrepresented in 1831

A

Manchester with no MPs but 182,000 people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What society was formed in 1780 focused on raising public awareness for reform

A

London-based Society for constitutional information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gordon Riots

A

Anti catholic riots in 1780 as a result of the papist act 1778 in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why wasn’t the London based society for constitutional information successful

A
  • Parliamentary reform wasn’t popular with anyone in 1780
  • Gordon Riots turned propertied classes away from supporting them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When was the French Revolution and why was it significant

A

1789 caused criticism of British parliamentary model which scared the ruling classes into taking a harder opposition against reform as they saw it as revolutionary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who wrote reflections on the revolutions in France and when

A

Edmund Burke 1790

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did Burke argue

A

That the violence in France was a result of sudden political change and thus the British system was in no need of change based on good traditions putting the smartest in charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was the response to Burkes book in 1792

A

Thomas Paine rights of man which influenced by the French Revolution emphasised the natural rights of human beings and the corruption in Britain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many copies did Rights of Man sell by 1793

A

200,000 in Britain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When did the new French Republic declare war on Britain

A

1793

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How many people were at the Copenhagen fields demonstration in 1795

A

100,000 people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which two associations in 1790s wrote reform focused political pamphlets

A

Sheffield society for constitutional information
London corresponding society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What was the Treason Act and when

A

1795 introduced the death penalty for treason such as political meetings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why did the end of the Napoleonic wars in 1815 cause reform demands to re-emerge

A

400,000 soldiers returned looking for work which decreased wages, also a failed harvest in 1816

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What was the March of the blanketers in 1816

A

Weavers in Manchester marched to London and rioted in islington

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Who started the Pentrich rising and when

A

Jeremiah Brandreth in 1817

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What were the events of the peterloo massacre in 1819

A

60,000 people attended political rally with Henry hunt speaking, 18 people killed and 400 wounded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How did the Government react to the Peterloo massacre

A

Passed the six acts which included death penalty for sedition and banned meetings of over 50 people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What was the impact of the riots in the early 1800s on support for reform

A

deterred conservative middle class away from reform for fear of arrest by government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What was the Cato street conspiracy and when

A

1820 some radicals plotted to assassinate the cabinet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the statistics for trade improving in the 1820s

A

GNP grew by 16.8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

why did the 1820s boom mean reform had more support

A

Increased the amount of middle class people who became politically aware of the unfair system and amount of people living in industrial towns who had no representation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What happened in 1828/9 that caused rural unrest

A

poor harvests and mechanisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What did Thomas Atwood establish in 1829

A

Birmingham Politcal Union

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

why was the BPU significant

A

Combined Working and middle classes to form a respectable campaign to achieve urban representation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What were the four main causes of the 1832 Reform Act

A
  • Government Issues
  • Outdated political structure
  • Economic , middle class
  • Riots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How did Wellington divide the tory party

A

He supported catholic emancipation act in 1829 which split in the party between ultras and liberals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what were the 1691 penal laws

A

stated that Catholics couldn’t sit on parliament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

When did lord Liverpool resign and why

A

1827 from a stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What happened after Lord Liverpool resigned

A

The party became more divided as a power vacuum ensued and they had 3 leaders in 11 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Why were there initial divisions in the tory party

A

foreign secretary George canning and home Robert peel disagreed along with the rest of the party on catholic emancipation to rid the penal laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What happened in the 1830 election

A

Whigs gained office and were more reform focused with Earl Grey

47
Q

Why did the middle class become more politically important

A

They were growing in size and becoming very wealthy from industrialisation so government had to recognise and respect their economic importance

48
Q

Why were the middle class more of a challenge to authorities

A

They presented a reasoned and well educated opposition that also had good funding, couldn’t be easily subdued with force

49
Q

What happened to the first and second reform bills

A

They were both blocked by the House of Lords

50
Q

Where did the most serious rioting break out after the rejection of the second reform bill

A

Bristol where there was 3 days of rioting and 140 killed

51
Q

what happened after rejection of the third reform bill in the house of lords

A

Earl grey asked for the king to grant him 50 new peers to get the big through the House of Lords but this was rejected so earl grey resigned

52
Q

explain the days of may step by step

A
  • Wellington formed a new tory government
  • Middle class withdrew £1.8million from banks in ten days to destroy government finances
  • Wellington couldn’t form a government with the whole country against him so the king granted Earl Grey his fifty new peers
53
Q

When was the great reform act passed

A

June 1832

54
Q

Provisions of the great reform act

A
  • 56 boroughs were disenfranchised
  • 42 new borough constituencies
  • scotland and ireland recieved more seats
  • Vote was extended to many middle class men men with proper worth £10 a year
55
Q

significance of the great reform act

A
  • electorate rose from 366,000 to 650,000, 18% of the population could now vote
  • removed obvious issues but still preserved the old system
  • 370 MPs in rural south but only 120 in industrial north
56
Q

What did the failure of the great reform act cause

A

Discontent among the working class

57
Q

What did the Factory Act 1833 and Poor law 1834 do

A

benefitted the middle class and ignored or worsened conditions for the working class

58
Q

What was founded in 1836 by William Lovett, Thomas Atwood and Henry Hetherington that began chartism

A

The London Working Mens Association

59
Q

What were the six points on the peoples charter in 1838

A
  • Wage for MPs
  • Secret ballot
  • Equal representation
  • Annual Parliaments
  • Removal of property qualifications for MPs
  • Universal suffrage for men over 21
60
Q

What was Chartism’s membership like

A

Majority were working class men in declining industries looking for economic protection, also a large amount of middle class reformers

61
Q

When was the first national convention

A

1839, chartists were divided over their plan of action

62
Q

Moral force

A

William lovett and Thomas Atwood both believed in peaceful protest like pamphlets and petitions to win favour among the higher classes and middle class electorate by acting respectfully and reasonably

63
Q

Physical force

A

Feargus O Connor and James Bronterre Obrien advocated for strike action and armed revolution

64
Q

How many signatures did the first petition in 1839 have that was rejected

A

1.2 million

65
Q

Sacred Month

A

Rejection of the first petition caused widespread strikes and protest meeting which became violent.

66
Q

What was the most notable event in the sacred month

A

Newport rising in which 5000 miners clashed with troops which left 20 chartists dead

67
Q

What was the aftermath of the Newport rising

A

500 Chartist leaders were arrested and imprisoned between 1839 and 1841, this parlayed chartism

68
Q

How many signatures did the second petition have in 1842 after the chartist returned to peaceful means

A

3 million

69
Q

What was the impact of the second rejection

A

Moral force began to dissolve, and caused the plug plot riots which had striking and workers removing plugs from machinery in cotton mills

70
Q

The Land plan in 1845

A

70,000 people payed £100,000 to buy an area so that working class people could live in a rural community and meet voting requirements, however it was a disaster and the scheme went bankrupt

71
Q

Why did Chartism reignite in 1848

A

Another French Revolution caused cries for democracy to be reignited and heard by many

72
Q

How did the ambitious demands cause chartists to fail

A

feargus o Connor land plan was very ambitious and demanding the vote for all males when only 18% could vote was very ambitious when parliament was so outwardly against reform

73
Q

How did SocioEconomic issues cause Chartists to fail

A

Hunger politics - support for chartism only came during times of economic hardship as the motive for working class was more economic than political, socially the membership was divided between middle and working class as they had different views on what to do

74
Q

How did the lack of effective leadership cause chartism to fail

A

No clear leader from the beginning meant that the movement was very divided and never acted in complete unison, feargus o Connor was a terrible leader

75
Q

How did government legislation cause chartism to fail

A

legislation like ten hour act and corn law repeal worked to undermine the chartists by improving working class conditions slightly to turn them away from the need for reform
–> inadvertently helped Chartist caused as they improved conditions

76
Q

How did Government determination against reform cause chartism to fail

A

Appointment of Charles Napier as general of the army in the north to be able to surpress any discontent quickly, 8000 soldiers at Kennington rally, response to Newport all show the government acted quickly and forcefully against the chartists every time

77
Q

What was the chartists last attempt in 1848

A

Kennington common rally which was a huge demonstration which then had a petition with 5.75 million signatures presented but was rejected ad over half were fake

78
Q

What destroyed O Connors credibility

A

Assaulted several MPs and the committed to an insane asylum, forging signatures, failed land plan

79
Q

How did the 1830s reform enforce continuity in Britain

A

It united the propertied classes middle and higher against the working class which maintained many of the old systems and structures

80
Q

How did the 1830s reform cause change in Britain

A

More political clubs and activists, more interest in politics, two party system with whigs and tories becoming more polarised with different views

81
Q

1835 Municipal Corporations Act

A

Changed local town councils into being elected and extended the franchise in local elections to all male ratepayers

82
Q

What other two acts in 1830s showed a larger tendency towards reform

A

Poor law and Abolition of the slave trade

83
Q

What did Joseph Hume do from 1848 to 1852

A

presented a reform bill at every session of parliament

84
Q

How much did the population grow by from 1821 to 1861

A

7 million

85
Q

Why was population growth significant for reform

A

majority of growing population lived in towns and cities and were working class so couldn’t vote, increased amount of people advocating for reform

86
Q

What reform efforts were made in 1852

A

Lord Russell attempted to reduce borough qualifications from £10 to £6, was rejected as conservatives feared the presence of the working influencing politics

87
Q

What did MP John Bright do

A

gave public speeches on the rights of the working class from 1858-60, also founded the anti corn law league in 1839
–> didn’t achieve any significant change

88
Q

How many people did the Northern textile industry provide work for

A

355,000 people

89
Q

How did the US civil war in 1861 help with reform ideas

A

Many people were laid off as there was no supply of cotton so no work to do, Gladstone visited during this time and was impressed with the resolve of the workers and convinced of the working class readiness to vote, broadened the mind of those in power

90
Q

When was reform union formed

A

1864

91
Q

who formed the reform union and why was it respectable

A

Samuel Morley who was a middle class wool manufacturer, he was an MP so the union had a respectable level of influence

92
Q

What were the aims of the reform league

A
  • extend franchise to all male ratepayers
  • secret ballot
  • equal distribution of seats
93
Q

how many branches did the reform union have in 1867

A

150

94
Q

when was the reform league established

A

1865

95
Q

Who was the president on the reform league

A

Edmund Beale

96
Q

What was the reform unions method

A

politcal lobbying

97
Q

what were the reform leagues aims

A
  • Universal suffrage
  • secret ballot
98
Q

what were the reform leagues methods

A

more radical so took part in demonstrations imposing political pressure on government and had more working class widespread support, a respectable working class was important to gaining government support

99
Q

What significant event in 1865 caused reform to become very prominent

A

Anti reform prime minister Palmerston died and reform focused Lord Russell came back into office.

100
Q

What were the conditions in Gladstone’s cautious reform bill in 1865

A
  • Borough franchise requirement to become £7 a year
  • Counties £50 year rental qualification reduced to £14 year
    These hoped to register 370,000 new voters who Gladstone envisaged would all be liberal voters not conservative. Was rejected by conservatives and some liberals
101
Q

Adullamites

A

Biblically inspired label for those in the liberal party who disliked Gladstone’s Reform Proposals

102
Q

What did Gladstone’s Bill expose in the liberal party

A

deep rooted division between adullamites who were the older whigs and the newer more liberal MPs who were leaders of commerce and more radical reformers

103
Q

What was the attempt to dilute Gladstone’s Bill

A

An Amendment which reduced the number of enfranchised men, caused Lord Russell to resign

104
Q

Who was the Barrister starkly against Gladstone’s Bill

A

Robert Lowe

105
Q

What and When was The Hyde Park Riots

A

1866 The Reform league staged a meeting in Hyde Park which was declared illegal so police attempted to close down the meeting which began rioting

106
Q

Who was the Tory Party’s Chancellor of the Exchequer

A

Benjamin Disraeli

107
Q

How did Disraeli capitalise on the failure of Gladstone’s Bill

A

He used all the political momentum for reform and passed his own bill in 1867, this was a less progressive bill that over parliamentary debate became more radical

108
Q

Why did Disraeli pass the bill in 1867

A

He proposed a bill with the hopes it would manage to get passed in order to ensure political success for the conservatives for years to come if he could pass the bill, even though it went against their own ideology

109
Q

Who became PM after Lord Russell resigned

A

Conservatives with Lord Digby

110
Q

What were the Provisions of the second reform act

A
  • 45 seats taken from boroughs with 10,000 or less people and redistributed
  • Franchise in boroughs included all male householders who had lived there for a year
  • In counties all owners of land worth £5 a year
111
Q

What happened in 1868 straight after the bill

A

The conservatives lost the next general election, so Disraelis plan failed

112
Q

What were the Positive impacts of the second reform act

A
  • Over 2.46 million voters, over 1/3 of men could vote
  • Secured importance of parties campaigning to obtain votes, making them more representative of the public
  • Vote included many of the skilled urban working class
  • Many more seats obtained by the larger Northern cities
113
Q

What were the Negative impacts of the second reform act

A
  • Counties were still imbalanced with some small wealthy ones in the south holding too much power
  • clause of holding property for 1 year discriminated 30% of the working class
  • system of plural voting gave more voting power to the rich

A Level Britain (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions