Growth of Nationalism Flashcards
Define Nationalism
Nationalism is the feeling of oneness and 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘰𝘯 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘤𝘪𝘰𝘶𝘴𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴 that emerges when people living in a common territory share the same historical, political and cultural background, 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦 𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘭 𝘷𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘦𝘴 and consider themselves as one nation.
Describe the effect of economic exploitation by the British on the peasants
- The Peasents were the main victims of the economic exploitation.
- The government took a large part of their produce away from them in the form of land revenue and other taxes.
- These taxes let them into the clutches of landlords and moneylenders.
Describe the effect of economic exploitation of the British on the artisans
- 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴𝘩 𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘤 𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘺 𝘢𝘨𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘴𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘯 𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘺.
- 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘌𝘯𝘨𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘩 𝘌𝘢𝘴𝘵 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢 𝘊𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘢𝘯𝘺 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘵𝘴 𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘱𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘺 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘯 𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘤𝘳𝘢𝘧𝘵𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘺.
- India became a source for raw materials and a market for British goods.
- This policy 𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘱𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘥 artisans and craftsmen as they were devoid of their sources of livelihood.
Describe the effect of economic exploitation by the British on the working class of India
- The growth of industrialism in India led to the creation of a new class - the working class.
- The people of this class were exploited by factory owners, who were usually British people.
- Although they formed a minority of the Indian population, they had a new social outlook.
- Their outlook and interests were broad covering the whole of the nation, though they worked only in factories that were only in urban areas.
- Thus, their political thought was far greater than their numerical strength.
Describe the effect of economic exploitation on the educated Indians
- The only employment available to the educated Indians were government jobs, where competition was high and 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘮𝘰𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘥𝘪𝘧𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘵.
- 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘺 𝘩𝘢𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘉𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴𝘩 𝘤𝘢𝘱𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘮 𝘸𝘰𝘶𝘭𝘥 𝘩𝘦𝘭𝘱 𝘥𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭𝘰𝘱 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢’𝘴 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘤𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘴 𝘪𝘵 𝘩𝘢𝘥 𝘥𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴𝘩. 𝘐𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘢𝘥, 𝘉𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴𝘩 𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘤 𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘬𝘦𝘱𝘵 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢 𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘣𝘢𝘤𝘬𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥.
Name the viceroy of India who followed a great number of repressive policies.
Lord Lytton
Explain 4 repressive colonial policies of the British(headings only)
- Grand Delhi Durbar
- Age limit for Indian Civil Service examinations
- Vernacular Press Act and Indian Arms Act
- Removal of import duties on British textiles
What was the Delhi Durbar? Why was it controversial?
- Lord Lytton organised an event known as the “Grand Delhi Durbar” to celebrate the proclamation of Queen Victoria as empress of India.
- Lakhs of rupees were spent in organising this event but nothing was done for Indians who were in the grip of a famine.
What was the Vernacular Press Act?
The Vernacular Press Act forbade vernacular papers to publish any material that might incite feelings of dissatisfaction with the British Government. This Act was not applicable to English newspapers. It was revoked by Lord Ripon.
What was the Indian Arms Act?
The Indian Arms Act made it a criminal offence for Indians to carry arms without a license. This did not apply to the British.
By what degree was the age limit of the Indian civil service lowered? Why was this problematic?
The age limit for the entrance examination of the Indian Civil Service was lowered from 21 years to 19 years. This made it difficult for Indians to compete for the examination.
Why was the removal of import duties on British textiles problematic?
The removal of import duties on British textiles harmed the Indian industry.
What was the Illbert bill?
- This Bill provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indians. By this Act, the British tried to introduced equality between British and Indian judges in India.
- 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴𝘩 and they started a Defence Association to defend their special privileges.
- This reaction provoked counter-agitation by educated Indians.
- The government ultimately withdrew the Bill.
- 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘩𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘭𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘵𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴𝘩 𝘪𝘯 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢. It made clear to all Indians that 𝘫𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘳𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘺 could not be expected where the interests of the European community were involved.
What did social-religious reform movements work for in the social sphere?
These movements worked for the abolition of the 𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘦 𝘴𝘺𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘮, 𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘥 𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘨𝘦, 𝘥𝘰𝘸𝘳𝘺 𝘴𝘺𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘮 purdah system, sati and infanticide. They launched a crusade against all social and legal inequalities.
What did socio-religous reform movements work for in the religious sphere?
In the religious sphere, these reform movements combated 𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘨𝘪𝘰𝘶𝘴 𝘴𝘶𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴, attacked idolatry, polytheism and hereditary priesthood. 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘮𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘴 𝘧𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘶𝘢𝘭 𝘭𝘪𝘣𝘦𝘳𝘵𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘴𝘰𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘦𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘺.
Name some prominent socio-religious reformers of 19th century India.
- Raja Rammohan Roy
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati
- Swami Vivekananda
- Jyotiba Phule
Describe Raja Rammohan Roy’s approach to religion.
- He stressed on the unity of all religions
- He was against beliefs of many Gods and believed in the worship of a single God.
- __He strongly held the view that all the principal ancient texts of the Hindus preached monotheism.__
- Amitya Sabha
- Brahmo Sabha
What did Raja Rammohan study as a child?
He studied 𝘚𝘢𝘯𝘴𝘬𝘳𝘪𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘏𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘶 𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘰𝘴𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺, the Quran as well as 𝘗𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘢𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘈𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘪𝘤 𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦.
𝘏𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘢𝘯 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘸𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦. To study the Bible in the original form, he learnt 𝘎𝘳𝘦𝘦𝘬 and Hebrew.
What article did Raja Rammohan Roy write?
Raja Rammohan Roy wrote in Persian 𝘎𝘪𝘧𝘵 to Monotheists 𝘪𝘯 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘶𝘵 𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘷𝘪𝘦𝘸𝘴 𝘢𝘨𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘴𝘵 𝘣𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘧𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘺 𝘎𝘰𝘥𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘧 𝘰𝘧 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘎𝘰𝘥.
What was the Brahmo Samaj?
The Brahmo Samaj was an organisation started by Raja Rammohan Roy which believed in Monotheism or worship of one God. It condemned idol worship and laid emphasis on prayer, meditation, morality and strengthening the bond between men of all creeds and religions.
Describe Raja Rammohan Roy’s social reforms.
- Rammohan Roy was against the rigidity of the caste system.
- He started a campaign for the abolition of sati and purdah system, ___condemned polygamy___, discouraged child marriages and advocated for the right of widows to remarry. It was Raja Rammohan Roy’s efforts which led ___William Bentick___, the Governer General of India, to pass a law in 1829 making the practice of Sati illegal and punishable by law.
- He was a strong supporter of women’s rights. ___He condemned the subjugation of women___. To raise the status of women, he demanded that they be given the right of inheritance and property.
How was Raja Rammohan Roy a pioneer of Indian Journalism?
- Rammohan Roy was a committed nationalist and a pioneer of Indian journalism.
- He brought out a number of journals in Bengali, English, Hindi and Persian to spread scientific, literary and political knowledge among the Indians and raise public opinion on topics of current interest and to represent popular demands and grievances before the British government.
- He also started a Bengali weekly called the ‘Samwad Kaumudi’ and a paper in Persian called ‘Mirat-ul-Akhbar’.
Bengali weekly started by Rammohan Roy
Samwad Kaumudi
Paper in Persian started by Rammohan Roy
Mirat-ul-Akhbar
