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Pediatric Board Review- ID > Growth/Development > Flashcards

Growth/Development Flashcards

1
Q

Birth weight is regained by:

A

10-14 days of life

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2
Q

Birth weight doubles by:

A

4 months

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3
Q

Birth weight triples by:

A

1 year

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4
Q

Average weight gain/year in kids over age 2

A

5-7 lbs/year

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5
Q

Average height gain/year in kids over age 2

A

2 inches/year

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6
Q

Definition of failure to thrive

A

Single point on growth curve definitions:

  • Weight < 3rd percentile
  • Weight for heigh < 5th percentile
  • Weight 20% of more below ideal weight for height

A series of points of the growth curve definitions:

  • downward crossing of > 2 major percentiles
  • Weight gain < 20 g/day in 0-3 months of age
  • Weight gain < 15 g/day from 3-6 months of age
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7
Q

Moro reflex

A

startle reflex

-Absent by 3-4 months of age

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8
Q

Palmar grasp

A

-Absent by 2-3 months of age

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9
Q

Parachute reflex

A

-Present by 6-9 months of age

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10
Q

Head control

A
  • 1 month: momentarily
  • 2 months: head up to 45 degrees, can lift head off table
  • 4 months: head up to 90 degrees, can lift chest
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11
Q

Head lag:

A

Newborn: complete head lag when pulled to sitting
4 months: No head lag when pulled to sitting
6 months: lifts head off table in anticipation of being lifted

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12
Q

Rolling

A

Front to back: 4-5 months

Back to front: 5-6 months

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13
Q

Sitting

A

Sits with support: 6 months

Sits without support: 7 months

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14
Q

2 month old milestones:

A
  • Looses palmar grasp
  • Gross motor: can lift head up 45 degrees when in tummy time
  • Social: social smile
  • Language: Coos
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15
Q

4 month old milestones:

A 
Primitive: looses moro reflex
Gross motor: can lift head up to 90 degrees, no head lag, rolls front to back
Fine motor: voluntary grasp
Language: Cooing
Social: Smiles at self in mirror
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16
Q

6 month old milestones

A

Primitive: parachute reflex develops
Gross motor: lifts head off table in anticipation of being lifted, rolls back to front. Sits with support
Fine motor: transfers objects back and forth, uses thumb to grasp cube
Language: babbling
Social: separation anxiety develops

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17
Q

9 month old milestones

A

Gross motor: pulls to stand
Fine motor: mature cube grasp
Language: first words
Social: still with separation anxiety, waves bye (10 months), plays pat-a-cake

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18
Q

12 month old milestones

A

Gross motor: cruising (around 11 months)
Fine motor:
Language: working on first words
Social: still with separation anxiety

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19
Q

Towers of cubes:

A
  • 2 cubes: 13 months
  • 4 cubes: 1.5 years
  • 6 blocks: 2 years
  • 8 blocks: 2.5 years
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20
Q

Scribbles

A

15 months

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21
Q

Vertical line:

A

18 months

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22
Q

Uses cup well:

A

15-18 months

23
Q

Uses spoon well

A

2 years

24
Q

Uses fork well:

A

4 years

25
Q

Buttons large buttons

A

3 years

26
Q

Ties shoes

A

5 years

27
Q

Walking milestones:

A 
9 months: pulls to stand
11 months: cruising
13 months: walks without help
15 months: walks well
2 years: Runs well
28
Q

Stairs milestones

A

2 years: up and down stairs, 2 feet on each step

4 years: up and down with 1 foot per step

29
Q

Jumping milestones

A

2.5 years: 2 feet off the ground
4 years: hops on 1 foot
5-6 years: skips

Balance on 1 foot for 2-3 secs: 3 years
Balance on 1 foot for 6-10 secs: 4 years

30
Q

Dresses self

A

3 years

31
Q

symbolic play

A

12 months

32
Q

Parallel play

A

24 months

33
Q

Cooperative play

A

3-4 years

34
Q

Fantasy play

A

3 years

35
Q

Games with rules

A

6 years

36
Q

First words (Mama/Dada)

A

9-12 months

37
Q

18 months: language development

A

10-50 words

  • Can ID > 5 body parts
  • Follows simple commands
38
Q

24 months: language development

A

2 word sentences
100-200 words in vocabulary
Understands ~50 %

39
Q

30 months: language development

A

Understands prepositions

40
Q

3 years: language development

A 
3-4 word sentences
hundreds of words
75% understood
Uses plurals
Can identify 2 colors
What/who questions
41
Q

4 years: language development

A 
100% understood
Speaks in paragraphs
uses past/present
Identifies gender
Identifies 5-6 colors
Uses why questions
42
Q

operational thinking

A

6 years

43
Q

Sensitivity

A

TP/ (TP + FN)

44
Q

Specificty

A

TN/(TN + FP)

45
Q

Prevalence

A

Percent of people in a population with the disease

46
Q

Positive predictive value

A

Probability of disease in a patient with a positive test

  • PPV= TP/ (TP + FP)
  • PPV= true positives divided by ALL that test positive

PPV is one of the main factors to consider in determining the usefulness of a screening program

Influenced by prevalence of the disease

47
Q

Cross-sectional study

A

looks at the presence of presumed risk factors and the presence of the outcome and measure them at the same time in a population

Weakest type of study

Cannot assume cause/effect

48
Q

Case-control study

A

Retrospective study

  • divided in to groups based on presence of absence of outcome of interest
  • Then the study examines the frequency of risk factors in each group

Can identify association but not cause/effect

49
Q

Cohort study

A

Subjects divided into groups based on risk factors and then followed prospectively

Powerful study

50
Q

Type 1 error

A

Concluding there is a difference (rejecting the null hypothesis) when there is no difference

Declaring a benefit when there is none

51
Q

Type 2 error

A

Concluding there is no difference (failing to reject the null hypothesis) when one exists

Increase sample size > increase power > decrease likelihood of type 2 error

52
Q

Relative risk

A

(Incidence of disease in those exposed to the risk factor)/(Incidence of disease in those unexposed to the risk factor)

RR > 1 suggests that the RF is associated with the disease

53
Q

NNT

A

Inverse of the absolute risk reduction between intervention and control groups

Pediatric Board Review- ID (3 decks)

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