Growth development

Question 1

Growth

Answer 1

An increase in physical size

Question 2

Development

Answer 2

The acquisition of skills and functions

Question 3

Maturation

Answer 3

Total process in which skills and potential emerge regardless of practice and training

Question 4

Cephalocaudal

Answer 4

Growth and development beginning at the head and progressing downward toward the feet

Question 5

Proximodistal

Answer 5

Growth and development progressing from the center of the body toward the extremities

Question 6

Characteristics of growth and development

Answer 6

1. Occur in an orderly pattern from simple to complex
2. Continuous process characterized by spurts of growth and periods of slow, steady growth
3. Progress at highly individualized rates that vary from child to child
4. Affect all body systems, but at different times for different structures
5. Form a total process that affects a person physically, mentally, and socially

Question 7

Personality

Answer 7

1. Consists of behavior patterns that distinguish one person from another
2. Several major theories provide key frameworks that help nurses understand different aspects of personality development
   - Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical/psychosexual theory
   - Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory
   - Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory
   - Abraham Maslow’s human needs theory
   Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development

Question 8

Maslow’s human needs theory

Answer 8

1. Physiological needs
2. Safety and security
3. Love and belonging
4. Self-esteem
5. Self-actualization