Growth & Development 1

Question 1

Cephalocaudal Growth Gradient

Answer 1

• An axis of growth extending from head to toe
• Greater amount of post-natal growth in regions away from the head

Question 2

Cephalocaudal growth gradient in head and face

Answer 2

• Growth of cranium percedes the maxillary growth which precedes mandibular growth
• Mandible grows at a later time and to a greater extent than maxilla

Question 3

Scammons Growth Curves

Answer 3

• growth pattern of 4 major tissue systems of the body
• General body (bone viscera muscle)
  
  • shows and S curve showing rate during childhood and acceleration at puberty

Question 4

Maxilla and Mandible Scammons growth is described as

Answer 4

Maxilla= Unimodal

Mandible= Bimodal ( Slows down and at puberty takes off again)

Question 5

Mandible growth correlates with?

Answer 5

Growth in length of mandible correlates with

Growth in height

Onset of puberty

Info can be used to time orthopedic (bony) treatment

Time tratment during mandible growth

If in Class II Molar–> Correct to class I Molar

Question 6

Distance Curve is

Answer 6

• Change in height over time
  
  • Noting height of kid on wall
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Question 7

Velocity Curve is

Answer 7

Height gain per year over time

Immediate evaluation of growth spurt

Asses whether acceleration or decceleration in rate of growth occurred

Question 8

Standard Growth Charts are what type of curves

Establish?

Allows evaluation of

Answer 8

• Distance curves
• Allow you to establish growth of child (weight and height) in relation to peers
• Allow you to evaluate if theres an unexpected change in growth pattern

Question 9

Individual Variability- Timing for women

Answer 9

• For girls we can look at growth spurts and mensturation
• Girls tend to have their first period a 1-1.5 years after peak growth
• This is a velocity curve

Question 10

How to reduce variability when assesing development

Answer 10

• Variability in growth due to timing is reduced when developmental (biological age) is used
  
  • timng in puberty growth spurts, mensturation
• Growth patterns become more predictable
• Chronological age and dental age are crude indicators of development
• Bio age is better indicator of skeletal development

Question 11

Predictable growth pattern concept

Answer 11

Proportionality of tissues exists at a specific point in time and that proportionality changes with time in a predictable manner

Question 12

Skeletal Maturation Assesment

2 methods

Answer 12

• Timing of intervention is key for selection of specific treatment
• Morphology of the bones in the hand and wrist
• Morphology of the cervical vertebrae (C2, C3, C4)

Question 13

Hand and wrist 4 ossification events

Answer 13

• epiphyseal widening
• Appereance of the sesamoid bone
• Epiphyseal capping
• Epiphyseal fusion

Question 14

Hand and wrist 6 Ossification Sites

Answer 14

• Proximal phalanx of the third finger
• Middle phalanx of the third finger
• Middle phalanx of the fifth finger
• Sesamoid bone
• Distal phalanx of the third finger
• Radius

Question 15

Epiphyseal Widening

Answer 15

• Epiphysis begins as a central area of ossification and widens laterally
• When the width of the epiphysis is equal to the width of the diaphysis it is considered a Skeletal Maturity Indicator

Question 16

Apperance of the sesamoid bone

Answer 16

• Sesamiod bone appears as a small round ossification center medial to the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
• The first observation of the existence of the bone is considered an Skeletal maturation indicator

Question 17

Epiphyseal capping

Answer 17

• Rounded lateral margins of the epiphysis flatten and begin to point towards the diaphysis, forming a cap
• Apperance of capping is a SMI

Question 18

Epiphyseal Fusion

Answer 18

• Epiphysis begins to fuse to the diaphysis from the central portion outward to the edges
  
  • Epiphysis is no longer visible bc fused
• Completion of fusion–>SMI

Question 19

List the order of the ossification events

Answer 19

• Width of epiphysis=diaphysis
  
  • 1–> 3 proximal
  • 2–> 3 Middle
  • 3–>5 Middle
• Ossification
  
  • 4–> Adductor sesamoid of thumb (Check for this first then asses from there)
• Capping of epiphysis
  
  • 5–> 3 Distal
  • 6–>3 Middle
  • 7–>5 Middle
• Fusion of Epiphysis
  
  • 8–>3 Distal
  • 9–> 3 Proximal
  • 10–> 3 Middle
  • 11–> Radius

Question 20

Height and Facial Growth Rates- Males

Answer 20

• Pubertal growth spurt SMI 5-7
• Statural height before facial structures(max/mand)

Question 21

Height and facial growth rates-Females

Answer 21

• Pubertal growth spurt SMI 4-6
  
  • Height and Maxilla
• Peak growth for mandible slightly later around SMI 7

Question 22

Cervical Maturation

Answer 22

• More precise assessment of whether child has reached adolescent growth spurt by looking at C2-C4
• Taken from cephalometric xray
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