Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science 2024 yearlys > Growth and Reproduction > Flashcards

Growth and Reproduction Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Cell Division

A

Cell division is a cell duplication making an exact replica of the cell with the exact same DNA order.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Mitosis

A

Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define asexual reproduction

A

Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction that involves a single parent organism producing offspring that are genetically identical to itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define sexual reproduction

A

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) from two parents, resulting in offspring that are genetically distinct from either parent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some examples of asexual reproduction?

A
  1. Budding: In hydra, a small bud forms on the parent and eventually detaches to become a new organism.
  2. Binary Fission: Bacteria reproduce by splitting into two equal halves, each becoming a new individual.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some examples of sexual reproduction?

A
  1. Humans: In humans, the male sperm fertilizes the female egg, leading to the development of a unique offspring.
  2. Flowering Plants: In plants, pollen (male gamete) fertilizes ovules (female gametes) to produce seeds, leading to new plants.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a gamete?

A

A gamete is a specialized reproductive cell that is involved in sexual reproduction.
For example, sperm (male), eggs (female)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a zygote?

A

A zygote is the initial cell formed when two gametes (sperm and egg) fuse during fertilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is external fertilisation?

A

External fertilisation occurs outside the body. The male reproductive cell (sperm) will fertilise the female reproductive cell (egg) outside of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is internal fertilisation?

A

Internal fertilisation occurs inside of the body.
The male will insert their reproductive cell (sperm) which will fertilise the female’s reproductive cell (egg) inside of the female’s body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the parts of a Flower

A

Petals (attracts pollinators)
Sepals (protects flower)
Stamens (male):
- Anther (creates pollen)
- Filament (holds up anther)
Carpel (female):
- Stigma (catches pollen from pollinators)
- Style (tube connecting the stigma with the ovary)
- Ovary (creates ovules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of the flower?

A
  • Reproduction.
  • Facilitates the processes of pollination.
  • Attracts pollinators.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of the root?

A
  • Anchors the plant in the soil
  • Absorbs water and nutrients
  • Store energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of the stem?

A
  • Supports the plant and elevates the flower
  • Transports water, nutrients, and sugars
  • Store nutrients.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of the leaf?

A
  • Photosynthesis
  • Contain chlorophyll (captures light energy)
  • Regulate gas exchange and transpiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List the parts of the female reproductive system

A

Ovaries
Fallopian Tubes
Uterus
Endometrium
Cervix
Vagina
Vulva

17
Q

What is the function of the Ovaries?

A

Produce and release eggs (ova) and secrete hormones, including estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle and support pregnancy.

18
Q

What is the function of the Fallopian tubes?

A

Transport the egg from the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes, where sperm meets the egg.

19
Q

What is the function of the Uterus?

A

A muscular organ where a fertilized egg implants and develops during pregnancy. The uterus also plays a crucial role in menstruation, shedding its lining if no pregnancy occurs.

20
Q

What is the function of the Endometrium?

A

The inner lining of the uterus that thickens during the menstrual cycle in preparation for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. If implantation does not occur, this lining is shed during menstruation.

21
Q

What is the function of the Cervix?

A

The narrow passage that connects the uterus to the vagina. It acts as a barrier to protect the uterus from infections and plays a role in childbirth by dilating to allow passage of the baby.

22
Q

What is the function of the Vagina?

A

The muscular tube that connects the cervix to the external genitalia. It serves as the birth canal during childbirth and receives the penis during sexual intercourse.

23
Q

What is the function of the Vulva?

A

The external part of the female reproductive system, which includes the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. It protects the internal reproductive organs and has sensory functions.

24
Q

Identify the site of sexual fertillisation

A

In humans and many other animals, fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes (also known as oviducts). These are the structures that connect the ovaries to the uterus.

25
Q

What is the first step of fertilisation?

A

Ovulation

26
Q

What is the second step of fertilisation?

A

Sperm Transport

27
Q

What is the third step of fertilisation?

A

Fertilisation

28
Q

What is the fourth step of fertilisation?

A

Zygote Formation

29
Q

Explain Ovulation (step 1 of Fertilisation)

A

The process begins with ovulation, during which an ovary releases an egg (ovum) into the fallopian tube.

30
Q

Explain Sperm Transport (step 2 of Fertilisation)

A

During sexual intercourse, sperm are ejaculated into the vagina and swim through the cervix and uterus to reach the fallopian tubes.

31
Q

Explain Fertilisation (step 3 of Fertilisation)

A

If sperm encounter the egg in the fallopian tube, one sperm may penetrate and fertilize the egg. This involves:
- The sperm binds to the egg’s outer layer (zona pellucida).
- The sperm releases enzymes to penetrate the outer layer.
- The genetic material from the sperm merges with the genetic material of the egg

32
Q

Explain Zygote Formation (step 4 of Fertilisation)

A

After fertilization, the zygote begins to divide and develop as it travels down the fallopian tube toward the uterus, where it may implant in the uterine lining for further development into an embryo.

33
Q

What are the 5 steps from ovulation to implantation?

A
  1. Ovulation
  2. Fertilisation
  3. Cleavage
  4. Uterine Arrival
  5. Implantation
34
Q

Explain Cleavage

A
  • Cell Division: The zygote undergoes a series of mitotic divisions (cleavage) as it moves through the fallopian tube toward the uterus. This process typically occurs over the first few days post-fertilization.
  • Blastocyst Formation: The zygote develops into a multicellular structure called a blastocyst, usually by the time it reaches the uterus (around 5-6 days after fertilization).
35
Q

Explain Uterine Arrival

A

The blastocyst continues its journey through the fallopian tube and enters the uterus.

36
Q

Explain Implantation

A
  • Attachment: The blastocyst attaches to the endometrial lining of the uterus.
  • Invasion: The outer layer of the blastocyst (trophoblast) begins to invade the endometrium, establishing a connection with the maternal blood supply.
  • Hormonal Changes
37
Q

What roles does the placenta play?

A
  • Nutrient and Gas Exchange
  • Waste Removal
  • Immune Protection
  • Physical Support
  • Regulation of Maternal Blood Flow

Science 2024 yearlys (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions