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Beginining Family Part 2 > Growth And Development Of The Child > Flashcards

Growth And Development Of The Child Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 7 stages of growth and development and the age ranges

A

Neonate - 0-28 days
Infant _ birth to I year
Toddler - 1 - 3 years
Preschooler- 3 to 6 years
School-ager- 6-10 years
Prepubertal- 10 - 12 years
Adolescence -13 to 18+ years

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2
Q

What’s the difference between growth and development?

A

Growth is a physical change that occurs across lifespan.it is quantitative. Growth goes from top to bottom and from proximal to distal

Development is more qualitative.it proceeds from simple to complex and from general to specific

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3
Q

Factor affecting growth and development

A

Environmental factors (including nutrition and interpersonal relationships) and cultural factors, genetics, gender, health

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4
Q

Major theories of personality and human development

A

Psycho analytic theory
Cognitive theory
Psychosocial theory
Theory of Human needs
Theory of moral development.

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5
Q

Who founded the psychoanalytic theory?

A

Sigmund Freud

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6
Q

Who founded the psychosocial theory?

A

Erik Erikson

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7
Q

What is the psychoanalytic theory about?

A

This theory posits that behaviors and personalities are controlled by unconscious forces

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8
Q

Name the 8 stages of human development according to Eric Erickson

A

Trust vs mistrust
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Initiative vs guilt
Industry vs inferiority
Identity vs identity confusion
Intimacy vs isolation
Generativity vs stagnation
Integrity vs despair

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9
Q

Define maturation

A

Maturation is a process through which baby moves towards achievements essentials for future challenges. Process of maturation involves physical and psychological adaptive changes in the baby. Maturation involves internal and external changes in the body as well as brain.

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10
Q

Define Personality

A

Personality: a person’s internally based characteristic way of acting and thinking

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11
Q

Explain the terms cephalocaudal and proximodistal as it relates to growth and development

A

Cephalocaudal is growth from head to toes, while proximodistal is growth from proximal areas of the body to the distal areas like feet and hands

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12
Q

What are the 3 categories of the psychoanalytic theory?

A

Level of awareness
Components of mind
Psychosexual stages

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13
Q

What are the psychosexual stages and age ranges according to Freud?

A

Oral phase (0-18 mths)
Anal phase(18-36 mths)
Phallic phase(3-6yrs)
Latency phase (6-11/13)
Genital phase (puberty onwards)

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14
Q

What theory did Piaget founded?

A

Theory of cognitive development

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15
Q

What is the theory of cognitive development about?

A

Processes that allows people to know, understand and think about the world

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16
Q

What are the stages of cognition development and the age ranges for each stage?

A

Sensorimotor ( birth to 18 months/2 yrs)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete operational (7-11)
Formal operation (12+)

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17
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs

A
  1. Survive needs/ physiological needs
  2. Safety needs
  3. Love, belonging
  4. Self esteem
  5. Self-actualization
18
Q

Who founded the moral development theory?

A

Lawrence kohlberg

19
Q

Who founded the moral development theory?

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

20
Q

What are the levels of Kohlberg’s theory?

A

Pre-conditional
conditional
post-conditional 

21
Q

Location and size, shape of the anterior fontanelle

A

At a junction of the two parietal bones and two fused frontal bones
It is Diamond shaped
2-3 cm in width and 3-4 cm in length

22
Q

Location, Shape and size of posterior fontanelle

A

Junction of the parietal bones and the occipital bone
Triangular
0-5 to I cm

23
Q

What’s the normal head circumference for a neonate

A

33 to 35cm

24
Q

What the normal chest circumference for a neonate

A

30.5-33 cm

25
Q

When should the anterior fontanelle normally close up?

A

Closes by 12 - 18 months

26
Q

When does the posterior fontanelle normally close up?

A

Closes by the end of the second month

27
Q

Caput succedaneum

A

Swelling of the soft tissue of the scalp. Edens of the scalp - usually absorbed a disappears about the third day
No treatment needed

28
Q

Cephalohematoma

A

Collection if blood in the periosteum of the skull bone and the bone itself.
Severe swelling
Takes weeks to be absorbed

29
Q

a white waxy substance, may be found in the folds of the skin is called?

A

Vernix caseosa

30
Q

White bumps on chin and nose of neonate is?

A

Milia

31
Q

Differences between physiologic jaundice and pathology jaundice

A

Physiologic Jaundice =Appears 24 hours after birth peaks at 72 hrs. Bilirubin may reach 6 to 10 mg/dl and resolve in 5 to 7 days.
Due to Unconjugated bilirubin circulating in the blood stream that is deposited in the skin or immature liver unable to conjugate bilirubin released by destroyed RBC.

Pathologic Jaundice =Not appear until after 24 hrs leads to Kernicterus (deposits of bili in brain).
Bilirubin >20mg/dl
The most common cause is Rh incompatibility.

32
Q

What a the neonate blood volume?

A

300ml

33
Q

Colostrum

A

a premillk substance containing antibodies and white cells from the mother’s blood

34
Q

Which hormone from the anterior pituitary gland caused breast milk production

A

Prolactin

35
Q

Composition of milk

A

Hindmilk- satisfy hunger

Foremilk- satisfy thirst

36
Q

How much kcal does a newborn infant require?

A

650 kcal per day

37
Q

Which vaccine is the child given in Six weeks

A

OPV, DPT/HepB/Hib (Pentavalent)

38
Q

When does the child get the MMR vaccine?

A

12 months

39
Q

Formula to calculate normal weight of children over 1 year of age is

A

Age in years X 2+8 = ….. kg.
e.g., The weight of a child aging 4 years
= 4 X 2 + 8 = 16 kg

40
Q

Formula to calculate normal height of a toddler

A

Age in years X 5 + 80 = cm.
e.g., the length of 2 years old child = 2 X 5 + 80 = 90cm

Beginining Family Part 2 (1 decks)

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