Growth And Development In Toddlers ( 18 Months To 3 Years ) Flashcards
Growth patterns for a toddler ( 18 to 3 years )
- Growth rate slows down
- Baby fat starts to shed
- Lumbar lordosis develop ( big belly )
- Gains 2-4 inches and 4-6 pounds per year
- By age 2 toddlers reach 50% of their final adult height
When does the anterior fontanel closes?
18 months
What are toddlers elimination patterns ( 18 - 3 years old )
- urinate less frequently than infant
- Control issue is still present
- Potty training begins usually follow training first then following urination
- bladder control typically achieved between 18-24 months and
What are a toddlers heart rate?
80-120 bpm
What’s a toddlers respiratory rate
25-30 breaths per minute
Toddlers lung capacity also increase
When should a toddler start being screened for blood pleasure? And what should there blood pressure be?
Screening should begin at the age of 3 and continue annually. Toddler blood pressure should be 90/56 ( depending on weight and height )
what are some changes in the Immune system for toddlers (18 months to 3 years old )
- passive immunity from mom disappear
- immune system matures with ongoing exposure to
- food allergies may appear
- vaccination stop at 18 months and resume at 4 years
What are signs of an allergic reaction?
Gastrointestinal distress ( diarrhea, vommiting )
Skin reaction ( hives, itching & swelling )
When should all 20 primary teeth be ereupted by?
End of toddler hood
What should a bottle contain if given at bed time
Only water to prevent cavities
What are the nutritional need for a toddler ( 18 months to 3 years )
- iron is important, especially during the transition to cows milk, which may reduce appetite
- limit fruit juice to one serving per day
- appetite might decrease due to slow growth
What foods are considered choking hazards
Grapes, popcorn, hot dogs, nuts and raw carrots
What is strabismus?
Deviation of line due to weak extra ocular muscles
How is strabismus treated?
Treated by putting a eyepatch on the good eye which strengthens the weak eye
What is amblyopia?
Is a lazy eye occurs when strabismus is untreated and can lead to diminish or loss of vision in the affected
What sensory development do toddlers gain?
Taste and smell, toddlers began to develop food aversion, and associated tastes with smell
What are developmental milestones for toddlers?
- Temper, tantrums become common
- Toddlers are busy exploring and tasting boundaries which leads to risk of falls and poisoning
- According to Eric Arison toddlers are developing a toy, which is a critical stage in development
What are sunscreen time guidelines for toddlers?
- If the toddler is under a lot, the screen time is recommended
- Over 18 months, no more than one hour screen time with parental guidance involved
What are some nursing rules during toddlerhood?
Primary responsibilities for a nurse: educate patient about environmental hazards, provide guidance on temper tantrums, assist with toilet training
How do you treat temper tantrums?
Ignore the tantrum and do not encourage the behavior, but ensure safety
What are some signs that a toddler is ready for potty training
Walking, squatting, recognizing signs that they need to use the restroom and ability to stay dry for two hours
How much sleep does a toddler need
Toddlers need 12 hours of sleep, including 1-2 naps
What are some things about night terror we should know
Common in toddlerhood
During the night, do not touch the toddler, speak softly and calmly, and do not attempt to wake them. They will eventually fall back to sleep on their own.
When does child abuse more likely to occur?
After a major family change or turmoil
What’s the leading cause of hearing loss in toddlers?
Otitis media ( ear infection )
What does a speech development look like in a toddler?
Toddlers usually speak between 20 to 900 words, with an average of 400 words during this period. Gestures are commonly used as well.
When signs of autism appear in toddlers and what are some of those signs
Signs often appear by two years old with lack of social smile being the first sign. Early intervention is critical.
Are boys or girls more likely to be diagnosed with autism?
Boys are more likely to be diagnosed
What are leading causes of injuries in toddlers?
Falls are the leading causes of injuries in toddlers due to lack of judgment, limited physical coordination, and hide in curiosity/exploration
What age range is at most risk for drowning
One to three years old
What age has the most potential for accidental poisoning
One to two years older
What should the water be set to for burn prevention?
Set water to heat at 120 to 125 Fahrenheit to prevent burns
