growth and development

Question 1

What are the four stages of mitosis called?

Answer 1

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 2

Why is mitosis important?

Answer 2

growth, repair of damaged tissue, asexual reproduction

Question 3

What is mitosis?

Answer 3

Preparation of a cell for cell division

Question 4

Which stage of the cell cycle is the longest?

Answer 4

interphase

Question 5

What happens during interphase?

Answer 5

the cell carries out normal functions. Organelles duplicate ready for mitosis. DNA is duplicated

Question 6

What happens during prophase?

Answer 6

nuclear membrane breaks down. Chromosomes condense (become visible)

Question 7

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 7

chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell

Question 8

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 8

chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell

Question 9

What pulls the chromosomes apart?

Answer 9

spindle fibres

Question 10

What happens during telophase?

Answer 10

A new nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes

Question 11

What happens immediately after mitosis?

Answer 11

cytokinesis

Question 12

What happens during cytokinesis?

Answer 12

The cell divides

Question 13

What are the cells produced by mitosis called?

Answer 13

daughter cells

Question 14

how can you describe daughter cells produced by mitosis?

Answer 14

They are identical to each other and the parent cell. They are diploid

Question 15

How many daughter cells are produced by mitosis?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

A cell divides 4 times. How many cells are there at the end?

Answer 16

1x2x2x2x2 = 16 cells

Question 17

Which disease is caused by uncontrolled cell division?

Answer 17

cancer

Question 18

what are the stages of growth in animals?

Answer 18

cell division and differentiation

Question 19

What are the stages of growth in plants?

Answer 19

cell division, elongation and differentiation

Question 20

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 20

When a cell becomes specialised

Question 21

What is cell elongation?

Answer 21

when a cell becomes longer. Happens in plants only

Question 22

What is the group of cells in a plant where growth and division takes place called?

Answer 22

the meristem

Question 23

What are some differences between growth of animals and growth of plants?

Answer 23

Animals grow more quickly at the start of their life whereas plants grow consistently over their whole life. Animals grow all over their body, plants only grow in meristems. Most animals cannot regrow damaged body parts, plants can.

Question 24

What does it mean if a baby is in the 75th percentile for mass?

Answer 24

They have a greater mass than 75% of other babies their age

Question 25

What is a stem cell?

Answer 25

A cell which has not differentiated and become specialised. (Animal cell)

Question 26

What are the two types of stem cell called?

Answer 26

Embryonic and adult

Question 27

where are embryonic stem cells found?

Answer 27

In embryos- developed from a fertilized egg

Question 28

Where are adult stem cells found?

Answer 28

In bone marrow in adults

Question 29

Other than where they are found, what is the difference between adult and embryonic stem cells?

Answer 29

Adult stem cells can only differentiate into certain cells. Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any type of cell (they are pluripotent)

Question 30

What might stem cells be used for?

Answer 30

replacing damaged cells- e.g. those damaged by diseases. Growing organs for transplants. Repairing damage to the brain or spinal cord. Treating incurable diseases such as diabetes or Parkinson’s disease. Researching cures for diseases. Curing blood cancer (e.g. leukemia)

Question 31

What are some of the clinical problems with using stem cell treatments?

Answer 31

There is no guarantee of successful the treatments will be. Stem cells are difficult to obtain and store. If stem cells mutate they can cause cancers

Question 32

What are some of the ethical problems with using stem cells?

Answer 32

Embryonic stem cells are harvested from embryos which destroys them. Some argue that the embryos have a right to life. Some people believe there should be a limit to what scientists should be allowed to do.