Growth and Development Flashcards
The stable, early appearing individual variations in behavioral dimensions (activity level, rhythmicity, approach and withdrawal, adaptability, threshold of responsiveness, intensity of reaction, quality of mood, distractibility, attention span and persistence)
Temperament
The relationship that allows securely attached children to use their parents to reestablish a sense of well being after a stressful experience.
Attachment
What concept states that children learn best when new challenges are just slightly harder than what they have already mastered (actual and potential points of development)?
Zone of proximal development (Vygotsky)
What concept proposes that a child’s status at any point in time is a function of the interaction between biologic and social influences?
Transaction model
What concept states that a child passes through successive stages of developmental progress?
Concept of developmental line
At what age can a child show an understanding of love?
18 months
What type of attachment does a child who represses his/her distress and ignores his/her caregiver both when she leaves and returns?
Avoidant
What type of attachment does a child who is very distressed and takes a long time to be comforted?
Anxious
What theory states that even when babies are born with innate theories of the world (nativism), those theories may be radically transformed as children learn more about that world (empiricism)?
Theory theory
What is the mechanism of fetal programmming wherein 2 genes are inherited but 1 is turned off through environmentally induced epigenetic modification?
Epigenetic imprinting
When does neural plasticity peak?
First year
What do you call the infant’s preferential turning toward his/her mother’s voice?
Recognition memory
When is the period of fastest postnatal growth?
1st month. 30g/day
When does crying normally peak?
6 weeks. Up to 3 hrs/day
When does voluntary/social smile appear?
2 months. Also with increasing eye contact (parents sense of being loved reciprocally).
When does the birthweight double?
4 months
At how many months old does an infant “hatch” socially (become more interested in a wider world)?
4 months
When does the birthweight triple?
1st birthday. Also length increase by 50%.
When does constancy/object permanence appear?
9 months
When does stranger anxiety occur?
9 months
When does tantrums make its first appearance?
9 months (autonomy & mastery motivation vs. parental control)
When does the first true word appear?
9 months. Along with object permanence
How many months old can an infant be able to sit without head lag?
3 months
How many months old can a child start to run?
16 months
How many months old can an infant grasp a rattle for object use?
3.5 months
How many months can a child start to turn pages of a book?
12 months
How many months old can a child start to scribble?
13 months
How many months old can a child start to use objects in combination such as building tower of 2 cubes?
15 months
How many months old does a child have visual, gross and fine motor coordination (eg. Builds tower of 6 cubes)?
22 months
How many months old does a child response ro nonverbal tone (eg. Inhibits to no)?
7 months
How many months old does a child follow a one step command with gesture?
7 months
How many months old does a child follow a one step command without gesture?
10 months
How many months old can a child start to point to objects?
10 months
How many months old can a child speak 4-6 words?
15 months
How many months ild can a child speak 10-15 words?
18 months
How many months old can a child speak 2 word sentences?
19 months. beginning grammatization. corresponds with 50 word vocabulary
How many months can a child bang 2 cubes?
8 months
What type of play does a 12 month old child have?
Egocentric symbolic play
How many months old is a child who plays pretend with a doll?
17 months.
Also uses stick to reach objects.
How many months old is an infant who can follow a moving object 180 degrees?
2 months
How many months old is a child who is able to point to body parts?
15 months
How many months old does rapprochement (increasing clinginess) occur?
18 months
