Growth and Development

Question 1

Infants (Birth-1)

Answer 1

Erikson's stage: Mistrust vs. Trust
Trust self/others.
Isolation/withdrawal.
Solitary play.
Potential problems- failure to thrive 

Doesn’t recognize that objects continue to exist, even out of visual field.

Question 2

Infant: 1-2 months

Answer 2

Head sags.
Early crawling.
Closing of posterior fontanelle.
Eyes begin to follow moving object.

Question 3

Infant: 2-4 months

Answer 3

Can bring object toward mouth.
Head held erecting, steady.
Drooling.
Appearance of thumb apposition.

Question 4

Infant: 5-6 months

Answer 4

Birth weight doubled.
Takes object presented to him or her.
Average weight gain 4 oz/day.
Teething.
Can turn from back to stomach.

Question 5

Infant: 7-8 months

Answer 5

Sits for short periods.
Grasps toy with hand.
Anxiety with strangers.

Question 6

Infant: 9-10 months

Answer 6

Elevate self to sitting position.
Dada may be heard.
Crawls well.
Pulls to Standing position.

Question 7

Infant: 11-12 months

Answer 7

Erect Standing posture with support.
Birth weight tripled.
Eats with fingers.

Question 8

Toddlers: (1-3)

Answer 8

Normal VS:
Pulse- 90-140
Resp- 20-40
BP- 80-110/50-80

Toilet training is completed.
Erikson's stage: Autonomy vs. Shame/doubt
Exercises self control.
Defiance and negativism.
Low tolerance for strangers.
Parallel play.
Potential problems- safety and abuse.

Question 9

Toddler: 15 months

Answer 9

Walks alone.
Grasps spoon.
Builds 2 block towers.
Throws object.

Question 10

Toddler: 18 months

Answer 10

Walks backwards.
Climbs stairs.
Builds 3 block towers.
Oral vocabulary of 10 words.
Thumb sucking.

Question 11

Toddler: 24 months

Answer 11

Early efforts at jumping.

300 word vocabulary.

Question 12

Toddler: 30 months

Answer 12

Walks on tiptoes.

Has sphincter control.

Question 13

Preschool: (3-6)

Answer 13

Normal VS:
Pulse- 80-110
Resp- 20-30
BP- 80-110/50-75

Erikson’s stage: Initiative vs. guilt
Begins to evaluate own behavior.
Lacks self confidence.
Learns to think in terms of past, present, future.
Egocentric.
Associate play.
Potential problems- fear of injury, punishment.

Question 14

Preschool: 3 years

Answer 14

Copies a circle.
Imaginary friend.
Learns from experience.
Rides tricycle.
Undresses without help.
900 word vocabulary.

Question 15

Preschool: 4 years

Answer 15

Climbs and jumps well.
Laces shoes.
Brush teeth.
1,500 word vocabulary.
Throws overhead.

Question 16

Preschool: 5 years

Answer 16

Jumps rope.
Runs well.
2,100 word vocabulary.
Ties shoes.
Tolerates longer periods of separation from parents.

Question 17

School age: (6-12)

Answer 17

Normal VS:
Pulse- 70-100
Resp- 20-25
BP- 80-120/55-80

Erikson's stage: Industry vs. Inferiority 
Develops sense of confidence.
Feelings of inadequacy, self doubt.
Classify, sort, and order facts.
Solving concrete problems through logic.
Likes and dislikes established.

Question 18

Adolescence: (12-20)

Answer 18

Puberty.
Erikson's: Identity vs. role diffusion
Develops coherent sense of self.
Plans for future of work and education.
Think abstractly and logically.
Body image very important, as well as peer and social relationships. 
Cooperative play.
Increase daydreaming, independence.

Question 19

Young adulthood: (20-35)

Answer 19

Erikson’s stage: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Develops connections to work and intimate relationships.
Work and career important.
Peak in intelligence and problem solving.
Possible marriages.
Think abstractly and logically.

Question 20

Middle adulthood: (35-65)

Answer 20

Erikson's: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Involved with established family. 
Expands personal creativity and productivity.
Preoccupation with self centered concerns.
Periods of discovery and rediscovery.
Plateaus at work.
Self questioning.
Increase awareness of morality.