Growth and Development Flashcards

Question

2 months sensory

Answer 1

turns head to side when sound is made at ear level visually follows object beyond midpoint laughs/vocalizes smiles spontaneously/responsively

Answer 2

``` primitive reflexes fading regards own hand only slight head lag when pulled to sitting position bears weight on forearms scoots ```

Answer 3

grasp reflex absent | clutches own hand, pulls at blankets and clothes

Answer 4

follows object 180 degrees | locates sounds

Answer 5

drooling begins balances head well in sitting position can sit erect if propped rolls from back to side

Answer 6

inspect and plays with hands overreaches objects with hands carry objects in mouth

Answer 7

visually accommodate to near objects | beginning hand-eye coordination

Answer 8

signs of tooth eruption | birth weight doubles

Answer 9

can turn over from abdomen to back postion can put feet into mouth no head lag

Answer 10

voluntarily grasps objects take objects directly to mouth hold one cube while regarding a second cube

Answer 11

visually pursues a dropped object | sustained inspection of an object

Answer 12

rolls from back to abdomen position sits in high chair with back straight can bear almost all weight when held in standing position crawls

Answer 13

``` growth rate declines gains 3-4oz/week grows 1/2 in/month incisors come in chewing and biting ```

Answer 14

can pick up a dropped object drops one cube when given another holds bottle can manipulate small objects

Answer 15

prefers more complex visual stimulation turns head side to side or up/down to see object feeds self

Answer 16

upper incisors erupt | parachute reflex appears

Answer 17

sits, leaning forwards with both hands | bounces actively when held standing

Answer 18

transfers objects from hand to hand bangs cube on table rakes at small objects

Answer 19

responds to own name beginning awareness of depth and space taste preferences

Answer 20

bowel and bladder pattern become regular

Answer 21

sits steadily unsupported | can maneuver from sitting to kneeling

Answer 22

beginning pincer grasp releases small objects at will can pull a string to obtain object reaches for out-of-reach toys

Answer 23

creeping on hands and knees recovers balance when leaning forward pulls self to standing position on furniture

Answer 24

upper lateral incisors may erupt

Answer 25

uses thumb and index finger in crude pincer grasp | preference for dominant hand

Answer 26

better depth perception waves single syllables dada/mama nonspecific

Answer 27

labyrinth-righting reflex prone --> sitting standing to sitting position by falling can lift one foot to step

Answer 28

can grasp bell by handle

Answer 29

lower lateral incisors erupt

Answer 30

walks along furniture

Answer 31

neat pincer grasp drop objects deliberately puts one object after another into container (sequential play)

Answer 32

``` BW X3 birth length increased by 50% head and chest circumference is equal anterior fontanel almost closed babinski reflex disappears ```

Answer 33

walks with one hand held can try to stand alone or take first step alone controlled sit from standing without help

Answer 34

releases cube in cup tries to build 2 block tower can turn pages in a book several at a time

Answer 35

``` discriminates simple geometric shapes can follow rapidly moving object imitate sounds and activities protodeclaritive pointing play pat-a-cake ```

Answer 36

hepatitis B

Answer 37

DTaP, RV, IPV, Hib, PCV, Hep B

Answer 38

DTaP, RV, IPV, Hib, PCV

Answer 39

DTaP, RV, IPV, Hib, PCV

Answer 40

``` falls aspiration/suffocation poisoning drowning MVA SIDS ```

Answer 41

anterior fontanel closes at 18 months 4X BW by 30 months grow 3 in/yr

Answer 42

walks without help | creeps up stairs

Answer 43

uses cup | builds 2 block tower successfully

Answer 44

throws a ball overhand runs clumsily; falls often pulls and pushes toys jumps up and down with both feet

Answer 45

manages spoon without rotation turn pages in a book, two or three at a time builds tower of 3-4 blocks

Answer 46

walks up and down stairs by placing both feet on steps

Answer 47

builds tower out of 6 - 7 blocks | turn pages in a book one at a time

Answer 48

jumps across floor using both feet and off a chair or step stand on one foot momentarily takes a few steps on tiptoe

Answer 49

draws circles | has good finger-hand coordination

Answer 50

1 - 3 words

Answer 51

point to at least 1 body part removes garment help in house 3 - 6 words

Answer 52

combine word sentences name 1 picture point to 2 pictures put on clothing

Answer 53

``` knows 2 actions speech half understandable point to 6 body parts name 1 picture wash and dry hands ```

Answer 54

autonomy vs shame and doubt | toddlers attempting to do everything themselves

Answer 55

``` sensorimotor stage --> preoperation stage 19 - 24 months object permanence fully develops demonstrate memories domestic mimicry symbolizes objects ```

Answer 56

egocentric | punishment and obedience

Answer 57

Hib, PCV, MMR, Varicella

Answer 58

``` choking car seats falls burns drowning balloons ```

Answer 59

3 months – scooting 6 months – crawling 9 months – creeping 11 – walking on all fours

Answer 60

``` 6 months – walks with support 10 months – walks with handholds 11 months – walks with lead 12 months – walks alone (hands high) 13 months – walks alone (hands low) ```

Answer 61

``` Birth – turns to one side 1 week – turns to both sides 1 month – held with support 2 months – chin off contact surface 3 months – good prone control 5 months – good supine control ```

Answer 62

2 months – lifts head and chest 3 months – Attempts supine to prone position 6 months – Success in supine to prone roll 8 months – Prone to supine roll

Answer 63

3 months – sits with support 6 months – sits with self-support 8 months – sits alone

Answer 64

6 months – stands with support 10 months – support with handholds 11 months – pulls to supported stand 12 months – stands alone

Answer 65

Colic Age to sleep through night varies Usually by 12 months 1 – 2 naps/day Sleep on back to limit risk of SIDS

Answer 66

``` BM/formula w/iron Iron > 4 months for BF babies Solids starts at 6 months Vitamin D for all Readiness for solids ```

Answer 67

``` Picky eaters Self-regulate Milk 24 – 40 oz/day Limit juice 4 – 6 oz/day One cup of fruit/day ```

Answer 68

``` Filling and emptying containers Playing with blocks Looking at books Push-up toys Tossing balls Finger paints Large-piece puzzles Thick crayons ```

Answer 69

4-6 lb/yr 2.6-3.5 in/yr 3 years – wt. 14.5 kg (35 lb) ht. 95 cm (37.5 in) 4 years – wt. 16.5 kg (36.5 lb) ht. 103 cm (40.5 in) 5 years – wt. 18.5 kg (41 lb) ht. 110 cm (43.5 in)

Answer 70

rides tricycle jumps off bottom step balance on each foot for a few seconds broad jump

Answer 71

thumb wiggle imitate vertical line tower of 8 cubes

Answer 72

skips and hops on each foot throws ball overhand catches ball reliably

Answer 73

draw person with 3 parts | tower of 8 cubes

Answer 74

jumps rope walks backward with heel to toe throws and catches ball with ease

Answer 75

``` Dresses self Knows own gender Speech all understandable Name 1 color Know 2 adjectives Name 4 pictures Name a friend Brush teeth with help Parallel and associative play ```

Answer 76

``` Independent Associative play Sexual exploration Curiosity Define 5 words Name 4 colors Speech all understandable Copy a cross Copy a circle ```

Answer 77

``` preoperational stage magical thinking animism centration time ```

Answer 78

initiative vs guilt - Energetic learners, despite not having all capabilities to be successful at everything - Guilt can occur when they believe the misbehaved or when unable to accomplish a task

Answer 79

good-bad orientation

Answer 80

Still picky but improves with age Consume approx. ½ energy the adults do 13 – 19 g/day in protein with addition of calcium, iron, folate, and vitamins A & C

Answer 81

``` Sleep disturbances surface Night light Consistency in routine No TV before bed! Favorite toy Leave a drink of water by bedside Reassure ```

Answer 82

``` Guns Stranger danger Helmets Car seats/booster seats Pedestrian safety ```

Answer 83

``` Playing pretend/dress-up Role playing Hand puppets Painting Simple sewing Reading books Wading pools Sand boxes Skating Computer programs Musical toys Electronic games ```

Answer 84

2 inch/year 4.5 – 6.6 lb/year Slow and steady

Answer 85

``` Use knife to spread butter Cuts, fold, pastes paper Sews crudely Bathing and bedtime activities independently Reads from memory Spells Table games: Checkers and Card games Develops concept of numbers Knows morning or afternoon Knows right and left hands ```

Answer 86

``` Uses knife to cut meat Brushes and combs hair Likes to help out Notice items missing from pictures Can copy a diamond Repeats three numbers backwards Develops concept of time Read ordinary clock or watch ```

Answer 87

``` Uses common tools (hammer, screwdriver) Helps with routine household tasks Does chores Like magazines Likes school Takes music and sports Make change out of a quarter Knows the date Has collections ```

Answer 88

``` Concrete operations Transitions from perceptual to conceptual thinking Masters the observation of conservation Learns to tell time Classifies more complex information Able to see the perspective of other Able to solve problems ```

Answer 89

Industry vs Inferiority | Development through skills and knowledge that allows the child to provide meaningful contributions

Answer 90

Do not understand the reasoning behind rules and expectations for behavior Believe what they think is wrong and what other tells them is right Judgment is guided by rewards and punishment Sometimes interpret accidents as punishments

Answer 91

Able to judge intentions of an act rather than just its consequences Understand different point of view instead of just whether an act is right or wrong Conceptualizes treating others as they like to be treated

Answer 92

Experiences of success Reasonable risk-taking behavior Resilience and ability to handle failure Supportive family and peer relationships

Answer 93

``` Expectation and limit setting Family times together Communication Family responsibilities Family transitions Sibling relationships Caregiver relationships ```

Answer 94

``` Obesity is a concern Model good habits Avoid using food as a reward Emphasize physical activity Ensure balance diet Avoid eating fast food regularly Avoid skipping meals ```

Answer 95

Variable Approx. 9 hours/night Less resistance to go to bed

Answer 96

``` Guns Helmets Car seats/ booster seats Pedestrian safety Drug education Sex education ```

Answer 97

``` Simple board and number games Hopscotch Jump rope Collects rocks, stamps, cards, coins, or stuffed animals Ride bikes Build simple models Join organized sports ```

Answer 98

``` Crafts Build models Collect things/engage in hobbies Solve jigsaw puzzles Play board and card games Join organized sports ```

Answer 99

Final 20 – 25% of growth occurs Girls stop growing 2 – 2.5 years after menarche Boys stop growing by age 18 – 20

Answer 100

Formal operations Able to think through more than two categories of variables concurrently Capable of evaluating the quality of their own thinking Able to maintain attention for longer periods of time Highly imaginative and idealistic Increasingly capable of using formal logic to make decisions Think beyond current circumstance Able to understand how the actions of an individual influence others

Answer 101

identity vs role confusion | Adolescents develop a sense of personal identity, and come to view themselves as unique individuals.

Answer 102

``` Onset of puberty Growth spurt Sexual maturation: o Girls:  Breast development  Pubic hair growth  Axillary hair growth  Menstruation o Boys:  Testicular enlargement  Pubic hair growth  Penile enlargement  Growth of axillary hair  Facial hair growth  Vocal changes ```

Answer 103

``` Concrete thought Preoccupation with rapid body changes Sexual identity Questioning independence Parental control remains strong ```

Answer 104

``` Delayed puberty Acne Orthopedic problems School problems Psychosomatic concerns Depression Unintended pregnancy Initiation of tobacco, alcohol, or other drug use ```

Answer 105

Competence in abstract and future thought Idealism Sense of invincibility or narcissism Sexual identity Beginning of cognitive capacity to provide legal consent

Answer 106

``` Beginning emotional emancipation Increased power of peer group Conflicts over parental control Interests in sexual relationships Initiation of driving Risk-taking behavior Transition to high school Reduced involvement in extracurricular activities Possible cultural conflict as adolescent navigates between family’s values and values of broader culture and peer culture ```

Answer 107

``` MVAs Menstrual disorders Unintended pregnancies Acne Short stature - males Conflicts with parents Overweight Physical inactivity Poor eating behaviors Eating disorders ```

Answer 108

Future orientation Emotional independence Unmasking of psychiatric disorders Capacity for empathy, intimacy, and reciprocity in interpersonal relationships Legally capable of giving consent Attainment of legal age for some issues (eg. Voting), but not all issues (drinking, alcohol)

Answer 109

Individual over peer relationships Transition in parent-child relationship Transition out of home May begin preparation for further education, career, marriage, and parenting

Answer 110

``` Eating disorders Depression Suicide MVAs Unintended pregnancy Acne Smoking, alcohol, or drug dependence ```

Answer 111

``` Guns MVA Texting & driving Depression/suicide Substance abuse ```