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Child Health > Growth and Development > Flashcards

Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 phases of child growth?

A

infant
child
pubertal

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2
Q

what causes the infant phase of child growth?

A

nutrient-led

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3
Q

what causes the child phase of child growth?

A

growth hormone-led

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4
Q

what causes the pubertal phase of child growth?

A

sex steroid-led

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5
Q

what type of direction does child growth occur in?

A

cephalocaudal direction

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6
Q

what are the 4 areas of child development?

A
  • gross motor
  • fine motor and vision
  • language and hearing
  • social behaviour and play
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7
Q

what are primitive reflexes?

A

reflexes which are present from birth

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8
Q

what are the 3 patterns of abnormal development?

A

delay
deviation
regression

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9
Q

compare global delay to specific delay?

A

global- delays across all areas of development

specific- delays in 1/2 areas

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10
Q

compare mild and severe learning disabilities in terms of IQ?

A

mild- IQ between 50 and 75

severe- IQ less than 50

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11
Q

what are the 7 red flags for development?

A
  • asymmetry of movement
  • not reaching for objects by 6 months
  • unable to sit unsupported by 12 months
  • unable to walk by 18 months
  • no speech by 18 months
  • concerns about vision/hearing
  • loss of skills
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12
Q

what conditions does a heel prick test screen for?

A
  • sickle cell anaemia
  • congenital hypothyroidism
  • cystic fibrosis
  • 6 metabolic diseases
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13
Q

instead of muscle weakness, what specific developmental delay might DMD present with?

A

language delay

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14
Q

what type of gait do patients with duchennes muscular dystrophy have and why?

A

lordotic gait to compensate for proximal limb girdle weakness

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15
Q

what can happen to the calves of patients with duchennes muscular dystrophy?

A

pseudohypertrophy

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16
Q

what does Gower’s manoeuvre test for?

A

proximal pelvic girdle weakness

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17
Q

When using Gower’s manoeuvre, what is seen in a patient who has DMD?

A

instead of jumping up from the floor they walk up their legs in order to stand up

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18
Q

what is hemiplegic spastic CP?

A

spastic CP where a unilateral arm and leg is affected

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19
Q

what is paraplegic spastic CP?

A

spastic CP where both legs are involved only

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20
Q

what is diplegic spastic CP?

A

spastic CP where both legs are involvement with slight involvement elsewhere

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21
Q

what is quadriplegic spastic CP?

A

spastic CP where both legs and both arms are affected

22
Q

what is glue ear?

A

when the middle ear becomes full of fluid causing hearing loss

23
Q

what is the autistic triad?

A

communication
social interaction
flexibilit of thought/imagination

24
Q

what is the function of an array comparative genomic hybridisation? (a way to analyse DNA)

A

looks for extra or missing DNA (chromosome imbalances)

25
Q

how might an array comparative genomic hybridisation of a genome be normal, yet the patient actually has a chromosome abnormality?

A

arrays only pick up unbalanced abnormalities

balanced abnormalities are seen to be normal

26
Q

what are the 4 stages within Piaget’s stages of development? (with ages)

A

0-2 years: sensorimotor stage
2-7 years: preoperational stage
7-11 years: concrete operational stage
11-adulthood: formal operational stage

27
Q

what is an important development element within the sensorimotor stage? (0-2 years old)

A

understanding object permanence

28
Q

what are Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

bottom to top

physiological needs
safety needs
love/belonging needs
esteem needs
self actualisation needs
29
Q

what shows a child has secure attachment within the Strange Situation Interview (SSI)?

A

child is reasonably upset when caregiver leaves

child is happy to see caregiver has returned and is quickly soothed

30
Q

what type of caregiver creates a secure attachment?

A

appropriately available and predictable caregiver

31
Q

what shows a child has an insecure/avoidant attachment within the Strange Situation Interview (SSI)?

A

child will cry when caregiver leaves but shows little interest in caregiver
child isn’t pleased when caregiver returns

32
Q

what type of caregiver creates an insecure/avoidant attachment?

A

caregivers who have been absent, distant or disinterested

33
Q

what shows a child has an insecure/ambivalent attachment within the Strange Situation Interview (SSI)?

A

child initially won’t leave caregiver to explore the room
child cries when caregiver leave
on return of childgiver, child seems to want to be consoled but resists it, seems angry

34
Q

what type of caregiver creates an insecure/ambivalent attachment?

A

unpredictable caregiver

can be reassuring at times, but frightening at others

35
Q

what are the 4Ps of mental health diagnosis?

A

predisposing factors
precipitating factors
perpetuating factors
protective factors

36
Q

compare temperament and attachment in terms of type of influence over mental health?

A 
temperament= genetic influence over an individual's mental health
attachment= environmental influence over a developing mental health
37
Q

what are the 6 elements of the McMaster model o a family structure?

A
  • problem solving
  • communication
  • roles
  • affective responsiveness
  • affective involvement
  • behaviour controls
38
Q

what are the 5 main roles within a family? (according to the roles element of the McMaster model)

A
  • systems management and maintenance
  • resource provision
  • nurturance and support
  • sexual gratification
  • life skills development
39
Q

what is the difference between affective responsiveness and affective involvement in the McMaster model?

A

affective reponsiveness describes how the family members respond to emotional needs of other in the family

affective involvement descibes the degree and quality of concern/interes for one another

40
Q

what are the 4 main types of behaviour controls within the McMaster model?

A

rigid controls
flexible controls
laissez faire controls
chaotic controls

41
Q

what is the average weight of a newborn baby?

A

3500g

42
Q

what is the average length of a newborn baby?

A

51cm

43
Q

what is the average head circumference of a newborn baby?

A

35cm

44
Q

In the first few days of life there is normal weight loss, up to what percentage is thought of as normal?

A

10% of birth weight

45
Q

in the first few days of life there is normal weight loss, when does this return to birth weight?

A

7-10 days

46
Q

by what age should birth weight have doubled by?

A

4 months old

47
Q

what is the daily weight gain of a newborn? (excluding period of weight loss)

A

20-30g per days

48
Q

by what age should birth weight have tripled by?

A

1 years old

49
Q

by what age should the birth weight quadrupled by?

A

2 years old

50
Q

how is expected height of a newborn calculated?

A

mean parental height + 7cm (M)

mean parental height - 7cm (F)

51
Q

compare the causes of persistent bilateral and unilateral moro reflexes?

A

bilateral- damage to CNS

unilateral- injury eg frracture, injury to brachial plexus

Child Health (4 decks)

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