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Pediatrics > Growth And Development > Flashcards

Growth And Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average neonatal weight?

A

Average neonatal weight about 3.4 kg

Example: A newborn baby typically weighs around 3.4 kg.

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2
Q

What is the physiologic weight loss during infancy?

A

Physiologic weight loss is about 5-10% of body weight, regained back by 10 days of life

Example: Babies may lose a small percentage of their body weight after birth but usually regain it within the first 10 days.

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3
Q

How much weight is gained in the 1st 4 months of infancy?

A

In 1st 4 months, there is increase by ¾ kg/m

Example: Infants typically gain around 0.75 kg per month in the first 4 months of life.

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4
Q

How much weight is gained in the 2nd 4 months of infancy?

A

In 2nd 4 months, there is increase by ½ kg/m

Example: Infants usually gain around 0.5 kg per month in the second 4 months of life.

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5
Q

How much weight is gained in the 3rd 4 months of infancy?

A

In 3rd 4 months, there is increase by ¼ kg/m

Example: Infants typically gain around 0.25 kg per month in the third 4 months of life.

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6
Q

How much weight does a child gain in the second year?

A

Second year he gains 2 kg/y, becomes 12 kg

Example: A child usually gains 2 kg per year in the second year of life and reaches a weight of 12 kg.

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7
Q

What is the weight gain pattern from adolescence onwards?

A

Then he gains 2kg/yr till age of adolescence

Example: From adolescence onwards, a child typically continues to gain 2 kg per year.

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8
Q

How is weight calculated for 1-6 year olds?

A

Weight in kg = age(year) x 2 + 8 (for 1-6 yr old)

Example: To calculate the weight of a child between 1-6 years old, multiply their age in years by 2 and add 8.

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9
Q

What is the height at birth?

A

50cm

At birth= 50cm

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10
Q

What is the height at 1st year?

A

75cm

At 1st year= 75cm

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11
Q

What is the height at 2nd year?

A

87cm

At 2nd year= 87 cm

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12
Q

What is the height at 4th year?

A

100cm (double the birth length)

At 4th year= 100 cm (double the birth length)

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13
Q

What is the formula used for calculating height after age 4?

A

Height (cm) = age(year) x 5 + 80

After 4th year, height can be roughly calculated by
Height (cm) = age(year) x 5 + 80

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14
Q

What is the head circumference at birth?

A

At birth 32.5 - 34.5 cm

Example: The average head circumference at birth is around 33.5 cm.

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15
Q

What is the head circumference at 1 year?

A

1 year 45 cm

No additional information provided.

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16
Q

What is the head circumference at 3 years?

A

3 years 47.5 cm

No additional information provided.

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17
Q

What is the head circumference at 12 years?

A

12 years 52.5 cm

No additional information provided.

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18
Q

What is the size of the anterior fontanelle?

A

Measures 4-5 cm in its transverse diameter (3 fingers)

Example: The anterior fontanelle is typically 4-5 cm in size.

19
Q

How much does the anterior fontanelle close every 6 months?

A

Closes 1 ½ cm every 6 months till complete closure at 18 months

Additional information: The anterior fontanelle gradually closes over time.

20
Q

At what age does the anterior fontanelle close?

A

Close at 18 months

Example: The anterior fontanelle usually closes around 18 months of age.

21
Q

Compare muscle bulk and MAMC.

A

MAMC=MUAC-(Triceps skinfold thickness*3.14)

Muscle bulk=MUAC-(bone thickness by XR+SC tissue)

22
Q

Mention centers of ossification at birth

A

At birth there are 6 centers of ossification:
Distal end of femur
Proximal end of tibia
Talus
Calcaneous
Cuboid
Head of humerus

23
Q

Mention carpal centers’ time of appearance.

A

1st carpal center appears at 2 months (capitate)
• 2nd carpal center appears at the end of 1st year
• One carpal center appears each year, so that at 6 year there is 7 (7th is trapezoid)
carpal bones
• 8th center appears at age of 12 years (pisiform)

24
Q

Primary teeth At 6 months

A

lower central incisors

Example sentence: The lower central incisors typically appear around 6 months of age.

25
Q

Primary teeth At 8 months

A

upper central incisors

Example sentence: The upper central incisors usually come in around 8 months old.

26
Q

Primary teeth At 10 months

A

upper lateral incisors

Example sentence: The upper lateral incisors usually emerge around 10 months of age.

27
Q

Primary teeth At 12 months

A

lower central incisors

Example sentence: The lower central incisors may appear again around 12 months old.

28
Q

Primary teeth At 15 months

A

1st molars

Example sentence: The first molars typically appear around 15 months of age.

29
Q

Primary teeth At 18 months

A

canines

Example sentence: The canines usually come in around 18 months old.

30
Q

Primary teeth At 24 months

A

2nd molars

Example sentence: The second molars typically appear around 24 months of age.

31
Q

Permenant teeth at 6 years

A

1st molar

Permanent teeth that erupt at 6 years old

32
Q

Permenant teeth at 8 years

A

central incisors

Permanent teeth that erupt at 8 years old

33
Q

Permenant teeth at 9 years

A

lateral incisors

Permanent teeth that erupt at 9 years old

34
Q

Permenant teeth at 10 years

A

canines

Permanent teeth that erupt at 10 years old

35
Q

Permenant teeth at 11 years

A

1st premolars

Permanent teeth that erupt at 11 years old

36
Q

Permenant teeth at 12 years

A

2nd premolars

Permanent teeth that erupt at 12 years old

37
Q

Permenant teeth at 13 years

A

2nd molars

Permanent teeth that erupt at 13 years old

38
Q

Permenant teeth at 17-25 years

A

3rd molars

Permanent teeth that erupt between 17-25 years old

39
Q

Mention factors that lead to delayed development.

A

• Prematurity
• Idiopathic…constitutional, familial
• Long postnatal hospitalization
• Maternal deprivation
• Maternal mental health status
• Intellectual disability
• Specific handicap (motor, sensory, multiple)

40
Q

Mention developmental red flags at 4 months of age.

A

When infant does NOT:
1. Coo or respond to sounds
2. Smile at people
3. Follow moving object
4. Steadily support the head
5. Push on legs when placed on a hard surface
6. Bring things to mouth

41
Q

Mention developmental red flags at 2 months

A

When infant does NOT:
1. Smile at people
2. Hold head up when placed on tummy
3. Respond to loud sounds
4. Follow a moving object
5. Bring hands to mouth

42
Q

Mention red flags of development at age of 6 monthes

A

When infant does NOT:
1. Show or respond to affection
2. Bring things to mouth
3. Grasp nearby objects
4. Roll over in bed
5. Very stiff or very tense
6. Make vowel sounds
7. Respond to loud sounds
8. Laugh or squeal

43
Q

Mention red flags of development at 9 months

A

When infant does NOT:
1. Play back and forth games
2. Make sounds as mammaa dadda bbabba
3. Respond to own name
4. Sit or stand with support
5. Transfer objects from hand to hand
6. Know familiar faces
7. Look where you point

Pediatrics (3 decks)

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