Growth and Development Flashcards
Example of “self-concept” in adolescent: A. B. C. “why is my nose like that?” D. I want to become a doctor
B.
104.1 Adolescent Medicine
Self-Concept
Self-consciousness increases exponentially in response to the somatic transformations of puberty. Self-awareness at this age centers on external characteristics, in contrast to the introspection of later adolescence. It is normal for early adolescents to be preoccupied with their body changes, scrutinize their appearance, and feel that everyone else is staring at them (Elkind’s imaginary audience). The media, with its overrepresentation of sex, violence, and substance use, has a profound influence on cultural norms and an adolescents’ sense of identity. Adolescents use, on average, 7 hr of media per day (e.g., television, Internet). Over half of all high school students have a television in their bedrooms, 70% live in homes with a personal computer, and the proportion with Internet access is approximately 75%. The advent (and ubiquity) of cell phones with texting capability and social networking sites have greatly enhanced communication among adolescents of all ages. This exposure may cause girls to develop a distorted sense of femininity, and they may be at risk for viewing themselves as overweight, leading to eating disorders and depression ( Chapter 26). Similarly, boys may have difficulties with self-image. Images of masculinity may be confusing, leading to self-doubt, insecurity, and misleading conceptions about male behavior. Adolescents who develop earlier than their peers, especially girls, may have higher rates of school difficulty, body dissatisfaction, and depression. These adolescents look like adults and may have adult expectations placed on them, but are not cognitively or psychologically mature.
A patient has breast and papilla elevated as small mounds. What tanner staging? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
B.
104.1 Adolescent Medicine
From Tanner JM: Growth at adolescence, ed 2, Oxford, England, 1962, Blackwell Scientific. SMR, sexual maturity rating.
BREASTS
1 Preadolescent
2 Breast and papilla elevated as small mound; diameter of areola increased
3 Breast and areola enlarged, no contour separation
4 Areola and papilla form secondary mound
5 Mature, nipple projects, areola part of general breast contour
PUBIC HAIR
1 Preadolescent
2 Sparse, lightly pigmented, straight, medial border of labia
3 Darker, beginning to curl, increased amount
4 Coarse, curly, abundant, but less than in adult
5 Adult feminine triangle, spread to medial surface of thighs
How old is a child who can run well, uses 3 words together, imitates circular pattern:
a. 12 months
b. 24 months
c. 30 months
d. 36 months
b. 24 months
When will you consider that child has delayed tooth eruption?
a. 8 months
b. 10 months
c. 13 months
d. 15 months
d. 15 mos
Nelson’s 18th: see table 8-3 Chronology of human dentition
Female with enlarged areola and breast without contour separation, with pubic hair darker and increased in amount:
a. SMR 2
b. SMR 3
c. SMR 4
d. SMR 5
b. SMR 3
Patient can build tower of 10 blocks, knows age and sex A. 2 yo B. 3 yo C. 4 yo D. 5 yo
B
NTP19 Ch 9
36 MO
Motor: Rides tricycle; stands momentarily on one foot
Adaptive: Makes tower of 10 cubes; imitates construction of ―bridge‖ of 3 cubes; copies circle; imitates cross
Language: Knows age and sex; counts 3 objects correctly; repeats 3 numbers or a sentence of 6 syllables; most of speech intelligible to strangers
Social: Plays simple games (in ―parallel‖ with other children); helps in dressing (unbuttons clothing and puts on shoes); washes hands
Monsters under the bed concept A. Tell the child that there are no monsters B. Banish monsters using “monster spray” C. D.
NTP19 Ch 10 The Preschool years
The active imagination that fuels play and the magical, animist thinking characteristic of preoperational cognition can also generate intense fears. More than 80% of parents report at least 1 fear in their preschool children. Refusal to take baths or to sit on the toilet may arise from the fear of being washed or flushed away, reflecting a child’s immature appreciation of relative size. Attempts to demonstrate rationally that there are no monsters in the closet often fail, inasmuch as the fear arises from prerational thinking. However, this same thinking allows parents to be endowed with magical powers that can banish the monsters with ―monster spray‖ or a night light. Parents should acknowledge the fears, offer reassurance and a sense of security, and give the child some sense of control over the situation. Use of the Draw-a-Person, in which a child is asked to draw the best person he or she can, may help elucidate a child’s viewpoint.
When is the best time to tell children that they are adopted:
a. 3-4 years old
b. 10-11 years old
c. SMR 5
d. never
a. 3-4 years old
* NTP Chapter on Adoptions: Families should be encouraged to speak freely and repeatedly about adoption with the child, beginning in the toddler years and continuing through adolescence.
Piolo, a 4 month-old infant, can already do:
a. Grasp rattle
b. Reaches objects
c. No object permanence
d. Can sit alone
b. Reaches objects – at 4 months
a. Grasp rattle - at 3.5 months
b. Reaches objects – at 4 months
c. No object permanence – until 9 months, there is no object permanence
d. Can sit alone – at 6.5 months to 8 months
Most commonly used to assess the language develoment from 0 – 6 y.o.
Denver Developmental Screening Test
p. 62-63
Most common and most comprehensively studied of the learning disabilities
a. dysphonia
b. dyslexia
B
p. 110
- Genu varum corrects/ the legs become neutrally aligned at what age?
a. 1 y.o.
b. 2 y.o.
c. 4 y.o.
d. 6 y.o.
b. by 2 years old – majority p. 2264 (genu varum= bowleg)
The limitations of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assesment Scale (NBAS) include the following EXCEPT:
a. it takes a long time for the examination to take place
b. it requires extensive training for an examiner to reach proficiency
c. it is a poor predictor of later development
d. it involves uing expensive equipment
D. (p. 65, Nelson’s). NBAS allows quantitative estimation of an infant’s neurological intactness, adaptation to extrauterine life, primitive reflexe, state organization, self-regulatory ability and interactive capacities from birth to 1 month.
An 11-month old infant is expected to have how many teeth? a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7
B. 1st year of life: Age(mos.) – 6 = No. of teeth
The most widely used and researched test is the Denver Developmental Screening Test-II. It should be performed on children belonging to this age range: a. 0-4 years old b. 0-6 years old c. 0-8 years old d. 0-10 years old
B. (p. 63, Nelson’s). It has better sensitivity for language delays, but has limited sensitivity for subtle delays.
