Growth and Dev. Chap 3 Flashcards
What is cephalocaudal
“from head to foot
what is proximodistal
‘from close to further out”
i.e. gross muscle forms and develops before control of extremities
What are villi and what are their function?
the vili are the blood vessels of the placenta that run close to the blood vessels of the mother - the blood flows through these finger life projections called villi
Give of description of bone in early development
Bone begins as cartilage, the change to bone starts in the embryonic stage. After the child is born they go through the completion of cartilage and have a complete set of bones by puberty.
What is Secular Growth Trends? what does it show
Secular growth trends are generational changes in physical development.
e.g. progressively taller and heavier
Average varies by generation and culture - average and normal are not the same things
Talk about the importance of sleep
80% of growth hormone is secreted during times of sleep - this is important for consolidation.
12 hrs - 3 yrs
10 hrs - 7 yrs
8 hrs - 10 yrs
How many calories a day does an infant need?
~600 cal daily
What are the ages of sexual maturation for boys and for girls
Girls 11 - spike 12 - mature by 15
Boys 13 - spike 14- mature by 17
When do menarche and spermarche (semenarche) start?
Age 13
menarche is a girls’ first menstruation
interplay and androgens
The interplay of genes and the pituitary gland releasing androgens can have a direct effect on the onset of puberty
Poverty statistic
Almost 1 in 7 Canadian children live in poverty
Malnutrition statistic
Approx. 1 in 3 children under 5 suffer from malnutrition
what is obesity, give a statistic
Obesity refers to the people who have a BMI in the upper 5%.
About 1/3 of Canadian children are overweight
Disease statistic
10,000,000 children age 5 and younger die every year
What are the top (5) killers of children worldwide?
- pneumonia
- diarrhea
- measles
- malaria
- malnutrition
