Growth Adaptations, Cellular Growth Adaptations, Cellular Injury, and Cell Death Injury, and Cell Death

Question 1

increase in the size of cell ?

Answer 1

Hypertrophy

Question 2

Increase in number of cells ?

Answer 2

Hyperplasia

Question 3

Hyperplasia and hypertrophy generally occur together in ……

Answer 3

Uterus during pregnancy

Question 4

Permanent tissues (e.g., cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and nerve), however,
cannot make new cells and undergo ……………. only.

Answer 4

Hypertrophy

Question 5

A decrease in stress (e.g., decreased hormonal stimulation, disuse, or decreased
nutrients/blood supply) leads to a decrease in organ size

Answer 5

Atrophy

Question 6

Decrease in cell number occurs via ………

Answer 6

Apoptosis

Question 7

Decrease in cell size occurs …………………..of the

cytoskeleton

Answer 7

ubiquitin-proteosome degradation

Question 8

Decrease in cell size occurs via …………… of cellular components

Answer 8

Autophagy

Question 9

In …………………, intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton

are “tagged” with ubiquitin and destroyed by proteosomes.

Answer 9

ubiquitin-proteosome degradation,

Question 10

…………….of cellular components involves generation of autophagic vacuoles.
These vacuoles fuse with lysosomes whose hydrolytic enzymes breakdown
cellular components.

Answer 10

Autophagy

Question 11

A change in stress on an organ leads to a change in cell type…………..

Answer 11

metaplasia

Question 12

Esophagus is normally lined by ……..

Answer 12

nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium

Question 13

Metaplasia occurs via …………… of stem cells,

Answer 13

reprogramming

Question 14

Metaplasia is ……………, in theory, with removal o f the driving stressor.

Answer 14

reversible

Question 15

Under persistent stress, metaplasia can progress to dysplasia and eventually result in
…………

Answer 15

Cancer

Question 16

Vitamin A deficiency can also result in……………

Answer 16

metaplasia

Question 17

Dysplasia is ………….., in theory, with alleviation o f inciting stress.

Answer 17

Reversible

Question 18

Dysplasia is ………..if stress persists , dysplasia progresses to carcinoma

Answer 18

Irreversible

Question 19

………………is a decrease in cell production during embryogenesis, resulting in a
relatively small organ (e.g., streak ovary in Turner syndrome).

Answer 19

Hypoplasia