Growing and Producing Wine

Question 1

Grape Ripening

Answer 1

• Flowering
  
  • > in spring
• Fruit set
  
  • > flowers become grapes
• Véraison
  
  • > grapes become their colors
• Ripening
  
  • > swell with water
  • > acidity drops
  • > amount if sugar rises
  • > flavors develop
• Extra Ripening
  
  • > longer on vineyards
  • > become raisinated and sweeter

Question 2

Botrytis/noble rot

Answer 2

• Fungus
• makes tiny holes in grape skin
  
  • > water evaporates
    • -> concentrates acids, sugars & flavours
• can destroy grape or be beneficial
  -> under right conditions
  –> ripe grape, damp misty monings (for
  fungus to grow)
  –> warm dry afternoons (limit growth)
  -> nearly always used for sweet wines

Question 3

Environmental Influences

Answer 3

• Climate:
  - cool - moderate - warm
• Latitude
  - between 30* and 50* north or south
• Altitude
  - higher altitude = cooler climate
• Seas
  - regions are cooled down by oceans
• Rivers
  - take longer to warm up and cool down
  - stays warm longer -> extends growing
  season
• Air
  - cool air from seas and mountains,
  has moderating effect
• cloud, fog & mist
  - can help moderate or reason why
  grapes can’t ripen
• Mountains
  - can act as barrier, sheltering
  vineyards
• Weather
  - Hail
  - Frost
  - Drought
  - > below average rainfall
  - high levels of rain

Question 4

Labelling Terms

Answer 4

France:
Appellation d’origine protégée (AOP)
Appellation d’origine contrôlée (AOC)

Italy:
Denominazione di Origine Controllata
(DOC)
Denominazione di Origine Controllata e
Garantita (DOCG)

Spain:
Denominación de Origen (DO)
Denominación de Origen Califocada
(DOCa)
Germany:
Qualitätswein
Prädikatswein

Question 5

Winemaking

Answer 5

Red:

• crushing
• alcoholic fermentation
• draining
• pressing
• storage or maturation
• packing/bottleing

White:

• crushing
• pressing
• alcoholic fermentation
• storage or maturation
• packaging

Question 6

Temperatures During Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 6

Red wines
20 - 32C (68-90F)
-> high temperatures help
extract color and tannins from skin

White wines
12-22C (54-72F)
-> fir noble fruity aromas

Rose wines
once it has been drained typically similar to
white wine

Question 7

Average temperatures

Answer 7

Cool: 16.5C (62F) or below

Moderate: 16.5C (62F) - 18.5C (65F)

Warm: 18.5C (65F) - 21C (70F)