Groups In The Periodic Table Flashcards
What are the properties of metals
They conduct electricity well
They’re malleable
What are the properties on transition metals
They have high melting points
They form very colourful compounds so can be used in lots of things like hair dyes and gemstones
How does the structure of metals effect their properties
They are in a regular arrangement of atoms in layers heat together by metallic bonds
They have a giant structure of positive ions and free electrons because the outer electrons are delocalised which allows them to conduct electricity
The metallic structure and strong bonds mean they have high melting points and are insoluble
They layers of atoms can easily slide over each other to be bent and shaped
What are the properties of the alkali metals
They’re soft and can be cut with a knife
They have low melting points compared with other metals
They react vigorously with water to form hydroxides the reaction makes an alkaline solution which would turn universal indicator blue
Reactivity increases down the group because the one spare outer electron is further away from the nucleus
What happens when lithium reacts with water
The lump of lithium moves slowly around the surface fizzing until it disappears and the water becomes alkaline
It takes about 30 seconds
What happens when sodium reacts with water
It fizzes rapidly and moves quickly around the surface it may ignite the water becomes alkaline
It takes about 20 seconds
Sodium + water-> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
What happens when potassium reacts with water
It reacts vigorously and burns with a lilac flame and sometimes explodes the water becomes alkaline
It takes about 5 seconds
What is chlorine at room temperature
A reactive poisonous dense green gas
What is bromine at room temp
A dense poisonous orange liquid
What is iodine at room temperature
A dark grey solid in crystals
What Hallers when the halogens react with metals
They form metal halide salts
2Al+3Cl2 -> 2AlCl3
Aluminium + Chlorine -> Aluminium chloride
What happens when halogens react with hydrogen
They form hydrogen halides that are soluble and dissolve in water to form acidic solutions
Chlorine + hydrogen -> hydrochloric acid
What is the reactivity rule for the halogens
The higher up the group the more reactive because the forces of attraction from the outer shell to the nucleus is strongest there to attract the electron and there’s less shells shielding the nucleus
The more reactive halogens will displace the less reactive ones
What are the properties of the group 0 elements
They are called noble gases
They’re colourless at room temp
They are inert and don’t react because they have a full outer shell
They’re non flammable
What are everyday uses of noble gases
Argon provides an inert atmosphere in filament lamps and it’s non flammable so stops the filament burning it can be used to stop welded metals reacting with oxygen
Helium is used In air ships and Party balloons it can float because it has a lower density than air
