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Chemistry Paper 2 > Groups in the periodic table > Flashcards

Groups in the periodic table Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Group 1 metals known as?

A

Alkali Metals

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2
Q

What do all Alkali Metals have?

A

One electron on the outer shell. Similar chemical properties.

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3
Q

What are the physical properties of Alkali?

A

Are soft and have low melting and boiling points.

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4
Q

Why are Group 1 metals very reactive?

A

The more readily a metal loses its outer electrons, the more reactive it is and Group 1 metals only have one electron so it’s very reactive.

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5
Q

Why is the outer electron more easily lost as you go down Group 1?

A

It’s further from the nucleus - so it’s less strongly attracted to the nucleus and less energy is needed to remove it.

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6
Q

How do Alkali Metals react when put in water? And what do they produce?

A

React vigorously. Produces Hydrogen gas and Hydroxide of the metal.

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7
Q

How does Lithium react when put in water?

A

Will move around the surface, fizzing.

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8
Q

How do sodium and potassium react when put in water?

A

They will also fizz furiously, but also melt in the heat of the reaction.
Potassium even gets hot enough to ignite the hydrogen gas being produced.

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9
Q

What are Group 7 Elements known as?

A

Halogens.

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10
Q

What do Halogens exist as?

A

Diatomic molecules, sharing one pair of electrons in a covalent bond.

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11
Q

What happens as you go down Group 7?

A

Melting and Boiling points increase.

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12
Q

What colour is Chlorine at room temperature?

A

Pale Green gas.

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13
Q

What colour is Bromine at room temperature?

A

Orange/Brown.

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14
Q

What colour is iodine at room temperature?

A

Grey.

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15
Q

How can you use the trends in physical properties to predict the properties of halogens further down the group?

A

We know that melting point increases down the group and the colours of the halogens get darker.

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16
Q

What is the Chemical test for Chlorine?

A

Holding a piece of damp blue litmus paper over it. Chlorine will bleach the litmus paper, turning it white.

17
Q

What can Halogens react with? And what do they form?

A

Metals to form salts called Metal Halides.

18
Q

Why are Halogens higher up in Group 7 more reactive when reacting with Metals?

A

They can attract the outer electron more easily.

19
Q

What are the properties of Hydrogen Halides?

A

Soluble, can dissolve in water to form acidic solutions.

20
Q

What helps you predict how fluorine and astatine will react when using the reactions of chlorine, bromine and iodine?

A

Since all the halogens have the same number of electrons in their outer shells, they have similar reactions.

21
Q

What is a Displacement Reaction?

A

Where a more reactive element ‘pushes out’ a less reactive element from a compound.

22
Q

What can the Halogen Displacement Reactions be called? And why?

A

Redox reactions as the Halogens gain electrons (reduction) whilst Halide ions lose electrons (oxidation).

23
Q

What are Group 0 elements called?

A

Noble gases.

24
Q

What are the properties of Group 0 elements?

A

Colourless gases at room temperature, Monatomic - made up of single atoms. Also Inert - this means they don’t react at all.

25
Q

Why are Group 0 elements inert?

A

They have a full outer shell of electrons - this means they don’t easily give up or gain electrons. Also means they’re non-flammable.

26
Q

What is the use of Noble gases related to it being Non-flammable?

A

Argon in filament lamps (light bulbs). Since it’s non-flammable, it stops the very hot filament from burning away. Flash photography uses the same principle - argon, krypton and xenon.

27
Q

What is the use of Noble gases related to its low density?

A

Helium is used in airships and party balloons. Has a lower density than air so it makes balloon float.

Chemistry Paper 2 (1 decks)

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