groups in the periodic table

Question 1

how do you know if an element is in a specific group e.g. halogens, noble gases, alkali metals?

Answer 1

they have the same number of electrons in their final shell and therefore have the same chemical properties

Question 2

what are group 1 elements known as?

Answer 2

alkali metals

Question 3

what are the properties of alkali metals?

Answer 3

• soft
• low melting point

Question 4

how does lithium, sodium and potassium react with water and what do they produce?

Answer 4

they react vigorously with water and produce an alkaline metal hydroxide and hydrogen

Question 5

what happens to lithium when it reacts with water?

Answer 5

fizzes steadily

Question 6

what happens to sodium when it reacts with water?

Answer 6

melts into a ball and fizzes quickly

Question 7

what happens to potassium when it reacts with water?

Answer 7

gives off sparks and hydrogen burns with a lilac flame

Question 8

what happens to the reactions with water as you go down the group?

Answer 8

the reactions become more vigorous down the group as their reactivity increases

Question 9

what happens to the electron configuration down group 1?

Answer 9

it is easier to lose electrons down the group because of the increase of shells and electrons are further away from the nucleus so can be lost more easily

Question 10

what colours and states are bromine, chlorine and iodine in room temperature?

Answer 10

chlorine: yellow/green gas

bromine: red/brown liquid

iodine: purple solid

Question 11

what are group 7 known as?

Answer 11

the halogens

Question 12

how do you test for chlorine?

Answer 12

damp blue litmus paper, it bleaches then goes white

Question 13

what happens to the melting and boiling points as you go down group 7, and what can you predict from this?

Answer 13

the melting and boiling points increase as you go down the group, we can predict that anything above chlorine will be a gas, anything below iodine will be a solid

Question 14

what is the word equation when halogens react with hydrogen?

Answer 14

halogen + hydrogen –> hydrogen halide

Question 15

what happens as you go down group 7?

Answer 15

• the reactivity decreases
• the elements gain another shell
• the outer shell becomes further away from the nucleus
• the attraction decreases so electrons are gained easily

Question 16

what type of reaction is it if an element forms a negative ion?

Answer 16

reduction

Question 17

in this reaction, what element has been displaced?

chlorine + potassium bromide –> potassium chloride + bromine

Answer 17

bromine has been displaced as it is less reactive

Question 18

what are group 0 known as?

Answer 18

the noble gases

Question 19

why are the noble gases inert?

Answer 19

they have a full outer shell so they are unreactive due to their stability

Question 20

why is helium used in balloons?

Answer 20

because it is less dense than air

Question 21

what are the uses of argon, krypton and xenon?

Answer 21

light bulbs

Question 22

what happens to the boiling points as you go down group 0?

Answer 22

the boiling points increase as you go down as well as the densities