GROUPS IN CONTEXT Flashcards
What determines whether and individual is part of the group?
PWAD
- person who has either a physical, intellectual, psychological or sensory impairment that impacts daily function
- PIPS - Physical (Paralysis) intellectual (down syndrome) Psychological (depression) sensory (hearing impairment)
- Limited contribution to society, stereotypes, discrimination (transport + employment)
YOUTH
- Person b/w ages of 10-24 or 15-24 years old
- Ageism, financially disadvantaged, age restrictions
HP
- Person is homeless if they don’t have access to suitable, safe and secure accommodation or suitable accommodation alternatives
- No safe place, restricted employment, stereotypes, no govt funding
GLBTI
- Part of GLBTI group if they identify as a different sexual or gender based identity to the majority of society
- Discrimination, violence/murder (homophobia/transphobia), may not know are part of group
Exploring the four specific group in the community
Utilise reliable sources of data to examine the nature of each group by considering the following questions: What is the prevalence of the group within Australia? Prevalence of each group within the community
PWAD
- ABS 2015 → 4.3 million people → 36.5% of households have a PWAD; F - 18.5%, M- 18%
- Ageing population = disabilities increase with age
YOUTH
- 20% of population (4.2 million) ; M - 51.3%; F- 48.7%;
- Low birthrate, career over children
HP
- 1/200 people (105,000 + ); 24% because of DV; 21% = 12-18 years
- Transient nature = difficult to estimate + females + children = generally given preference over males in accommodation
GLBTI
- 2016; 46,800 living together = 39% increase from 2011 census; 0.9% of all couples in Australia 2016
- Majority of SSC = de facto or married = higher due to more rights = more willing to identify (usually young = changes in society)
Individual diversity within each group. How might individuals vary within the group?
PWAD
- severity of disability + born with or acquired a disability
- Come from any age group, gender, culture, socioeconomic status etc
- Wheelchair user different to depression
YOUTH
- Level of Education; E.g. 19 year old female with child = different to 13 yo boy starting high school
- Different age categories→ may be older youth who have finished high school, or younger who are still in primary school
- Financial independence; May be working full time/have part time job; 24 year old has more financial independence than 10 year old
- Can belong to any other group + from any age group, gender, culture, socioeconomic status etc
HP
- Type of homelessness + reason for homelessness
- All have inadequate access to safe housing, not meeting safety/security needs
GLBTI
- Sexual + Gender identities; Individuals vary as group comprises of different types of people, not everyone identifies as all the different sexualities etc
- Gay man belongs and so does female transitioning, but different
- Different access to support (rural vs urban)
- Transparency w/ identities; if out or not
Terminology used by the community to describe the group & Recognise that the community uses positive and negative terminology to describe each group. Discuss the impact this might have on individuals within the group
PWAD
PWAD
- words like ‘brave’ = patronising
- Saying those without disability are ‘normal’ is offensive
- Using terms such as person with a disability→ reflects understanding of person first, disability second
- Positive terminology: Cognitive impairment, mental illness, uses a wheelchair
- Negative terminology: Crazy, mentally retarded, crippled, wheelchair bound
Terminology used by the community to describe the group & Recognise that the community uses positive and negative terminology to describe each group. Discuss the impact this might have on individuals within the group
YOUTH
YOUTH
- Adolescent is most common term used to describe the group
- Youth use extensive vocab to define other youth; e.g. emo, geeks etc
- Positive: Teenager, adolescent, young person (Raise self esteem → accepted by older gens)
- Negative: Twelvies, spoilt, reckless, geeks, emos (feel inferior→Low self esteem)
Terminology used by the community to describe the group & Recognise that the community uses positive and negative terminology to describe each group. Discuss the impact this might have on individuals within the group
HP
- Most have stereotypical view. E.g. single man, sleeps on street, dependent on drugs and unwashed
- Society tends to generally not identify homeless women, children, families
- Society view: Homelessness caused from bushfires (unfortunate), evicted from flat and are relying on centrelink (burden on society)
- Positive: Victim, displaced persons, the less fortunate (Raise self esteem →, respected, acknowledged)
- Negative: Hobo, dirty, drug addict, ‘own fault’ (feel like a burden →Low self esteem)
Terminology used by the community to describe the group & Recognise that the community uses positive and negative terminology to describe each group. Discuss the impact this might have on individuals within the group
GLBTI
- Historically society is less tolerant of difference→ so terminology has connection of oppression linked to it
- Attitudes have changed for the better→ greater understanding, acceptance
- Term: Gay pride→ Encourages positivity, used to express community identity and strength
- Positive: Homeosexual, gender diverse, lesbian, gay etc
- Negative: Dyke/Lesbo, confused (some people refuse to accept gender diversity), gay if used in a derogatory way indicating ‘gay’ is associated with bad things
Issues of concern for the four specific groups within the community Identify + prioritise the specific needs of each group
S+S `
PWAD
May be more vulnerable or abused by other members of community
May be exploited financially/harmed physically by relatives, nursing home staff
Youth
Young who attend parties where drugs/alcohol are→ likely to experience violence, be attacked
Unrealistic media models→ can leave people disappointed if reality doesn’t match what is portrayed
Financial security: high youth unemployment rates, jobs often part time or casual
Homeless people
Vulnerable group→ physical security limited (limited protection from others and environment)
Isolated from family support structure (may be fleeing from families→ escaping violence)
Usually no place to store valuables/personal items→ environment can make them ill, targets of crime or abuse
GLBTI
Value safe and secure environment, free of discrimination, harassment, violence
Members of community; more likely to experience physical violence, discrimination, bullying etc
Victims of hate crimes, emotional violence (verbal abuse, hate mail etc)
Issues of concern for the four specific groups within the community Identify + prioritise the specific needs of each group
Health
PWAD
Varying levels of health problems→ some experience further deterioration with age
Wheelchairs; may get pressure sores, weight gain, cardiac problems (due to limited activity)
Health care needs to be affordable and accessible
If can’t communicate→ problems can arise
If health needs aren’t met→ quality of life/life span affected
Youth
Generally good health vs the aged→ but failure to address aspects of health→ impacts wellbeing
Risk takers→ injured in car accidents, risk health in unsafe sex practices, drug use
Travel overseas; require immunisation and advice on hazards (how to recognise unsafe water)
Homeless people
Health issues generally more severe than others→ Infections/mental illnesses→ common
Health issues may cause homelessness→ worsen if left untreated
May have trouble accessing health services→ financial hardship, may not have medicare etc
GLBTI
Lack of GLBTI- sensitive medical care (individuals aren’t accessing appropriate services)
Individuals aren’t always comfortable discussing sexual and health issues in support groups
Cancer : Higher risk of cancers linked to alcohol and smoking, higher rates of anal cancer (gay)
Sexual health: Increased risk taking behaviours; STDs, viruses or HIV/AIDS
Obesity : Higher in lesbians than national average, higher cardiovascular and respiratory disease
Suicide prevention: Individuals have highest rates (14x higher in homosexuals)
Mental health: Higher rates of depression, marginalisation, discrimination
Issues of concern for the four specific groups within the community Identify + prioritise the specific needs of each group
ED
PWAD
Early intervention; (strategy to optimise development) → many need it to enhance physical, intellectual, living skills
Education about nature of disability, for person & carers (carers need to be aware of strategies to help them be as independent as possible
Schools; some offer life skills courses, transition to work
Youth
Usually in school, TAFE, university (those who leave to seek employment→ may have on the job training, learning skills etc)
Education preparing for employment
Positive experiences; contribute to self esteem, sense of identity.
Negative experiences; Develop negative view of abilities (emotional illbeing)
VET education→ enhances employment prospects, decreases time needed for post school studies
Homeless people
Stereotypically link homeless with lack of education (not always true) but hard to move beyond poverty without it
Many don’t have money for educational services
To succeed in independent living→ taught basic living skills (hygiene, looking after environment)
May need assistance for strategies to deal with drug/alcohol abuse
Volunteer services; provide opportunities to acquire skills to gain education (improves self esteem)
GLBTI
Schools implement diversity, anti discrimination and bullying policies→ intended to support/accept all (but young GLBTI may experience some difficulties)
Negative experiences; impact on ability to learn (don’t perceive school as safe environment) → increased dropouts, lowered grades
Educate public; issues of homophobia, gender/sexuality diversity → decrease fear and ignorance
Issues of concern for the four specific groups within the community Identify + prioritise the specific needs of each group
SOI
PWAD
Becoming disabled as adult; may experience more difficulties establishing renewed sense of identity
Community involvement improves sense of identity
Youth
Factors affecting; involvement in school, sport and academic activities, whether they have a job
Formation of relationship with other individual; can change sense of identity
Those with expertise (e.g. in dance, art) find it easier to develop positive sense of identity
supportive family helps meet need
Leave school, may need to reshape identity→ structures previously restricted to them are no longer
Homeless people
Difficult to meet need→ (generally comes from involvement in work,family life, social activities)
Negative community interactions→ reinforce low self esteem/worth
Some community groups help achieve sense of identity→ E.g.Choir of hard knocks
GLBTI
Individuals may need time to come to terms with identity→ important they aren’t pressured into revealing gender identity or sexual orientation
Individuals who suppress gender identity and lose sight of sense of identity→ may experience depression, anxiety or feelings of sadness
If family/friends/religious groups aren’t supportive of diversity→ may feel socially isolated
GLBTI community: response to challenges faced by members(provides safety, belonging) → can protect mental health, help feel pride in own identity
Issues of concern for the four specific groups within the community Identify + prioritise the specific needs of each group
EMP
PWAD
Many find it hard to secure permanent work (nature of disability, education, employers attitudes)
Jobs available in various areas (e.g. hospitality, administration etc) ongoing support may be needed
Some work for organisations supporting disabilities. E.g. Hearing impaired teachers working with hearing impaired children
Youth
Most aren’t working (still in school)
Those who leave before HSC→ difficult to obtain well paid full time work (involved mostly in entry-level jobs in retail, hospitality)
Some youth involved in volunteer work (fundraising, coaching) helps prepare or employment
Homeless people
Most are unemployed → No employment; no income (hard to access basic necessities of life)
Negative factors affect change of gaining/maintaining employment→ low self esteem, lack of social skills, not presented appropriately, lack of basic work skills/education\
May face discrimination in workplace→ unkempt appearance, hygiene
Sell Big Issue mag→ social interaction, employment, paid in cash, work own hours
GLBTI
Diversity doesn’t affect work performance (important they aren’t treated differently)
Anti discrimination laws; prevent discrimination on basis of sexual/gender identity etc
Individuals may still experience harassment/ discrimination in workplace
Issues of concern for the four specific groups within the community Identify + prioritise the specific needs of each group
ASOL
PWAD
Socioeconomic status affected (lowered workforce participation); may affect food choices
Clothing may need to be modified for independence; zips/buttons replaced by velcro, magnets
May live with family or independently→ housing needs to be near services.affordable
Some modifications to houses; E.g. Installing ramps, handrails in bathroom
Some types affect food choices/preparation. E.g. require specially processed if can’t swallow safely
Youth
Require nutritious foods (they are active).Often will make poor food choices out of convenience
Some develop eating disorders
Clothing choice→ affected by need to fit in with age group wearing certain styles and labels
Most live with parents, some live in boarding schools, homeless number increasing
As they get older; usually leave home and begin to meet own housing needs (may find it difficult to enter rental market due to negative attitudes of landlords to age group)
Increasing amount living in family home even when financially independent
Homeless people
Many isolate themselves→ not aware of services to assist them
Require access to services for accommodation and social support, services to address cause of homelessness. E.g. drug rehabilitation
Great demand on emergency housing→ reduces availability for those who need it most
Some forage for food in bins and rely on handouts→ not sustaining diet, leads to health problems
Important for clean clothing in good condition→ allows socialising, torn clothes; indicator of homelessness
Salvation army→ provides emergency accommodation,some organisations, serve food from vans
Women with kids→ often neglect own physiological needs so children are primarily met
GLBTI
Media; represents individuals as easily able to meet basic needs of food,clothing, shelter
More accurate picture; reveals diversity (members of community more likely to experience discrimination in employment→ narrow opportunities and lower wages
Young GLBTI→ could experience homelessness (if rejected by family) more likely to engage in drug/alcohol activity, risky behaviours etc
Family home important; offers safe environment where they can openly express who they are without fear of harassment or prejudice
Justify the TWO most significant needs for each group and discuss the implications if these are not met
PWAD
HEALTH
Ill health = impacts on sense of self, motivation + ability to complete activities
Long term ill health = limits employment chances = impact economic WB & social + intimate r/ships
Important.; regular GP, dental check ups + disability = cared for appropriately = needs to be accessibly + affordable
Not met → quality of life + life span = affected negatively
EDUCATION
Less opportunities to gain knowledge = restricts people seeking support agencies to enhance/advocate for needs
Low level of education + disability = reduces employment opportunities
Ed on how to care for disability = important for carers (improves WB)
Not met → social, emotional, economic (if no job) WB affected
Justify the TWO most significant needs for each group and discuss the implications if these are not met
YOUTH
EDUCATION
Important for rules + content designed to help Y live in society
Increases access to services + resources + enhances confidence in seeking support
Contributes to positive SOI
Not met → employment opportunities = decreased + ability to meet other needs = reduced
SENSE OF IDENTITY
Important during transition b/w childhood + adolescence; need to feel valued, have a purpose + direction
Not met → depression/ other mental health problems may arise (further complicates life)
