Group questions for final Flashcards
List 3 uses of Electron Back scatter Diffraction (EBSD)
- grain size
- crystal orientation
- global and local texture
- substructure analysis
- strain analysis
- phase identification
What type of materials will not produce patters forElectron Back scatter Diffraction (EBSD)
Amorphous materials
List 2 properties that Electron Back scatter diffraction (EBSD) software record during analysis
- The phase
- XY position
- orientation
- goodness of fit
- pattern quality
Phase distribution map reveals the presence of hard and brittle inter-metallic phases called?
- Sigma
- Chi
Who was the scientist that created the glow discharge tube in 1968?
Werner Grimm
What type of analysis is the glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) most useful for?
Determining elemental composition, layer thickness, and layer structure
What types of materials can the Glow discharge analyze?
Metal alloy coatings, semiconductors, polymer coatings, and glass
Which type of gas does the glow discharge utilize when testing?
argon
What are the lasers used in photo-thermal spectroscopy
There are 2, the pump laser and the probe laser
Name 2 applications of Photo-thermal spectroscopy
- Thermal blooming of homogeneous gases and liquids
- analysis of layered materials
- detection of single nanoparticles
- measure thermal properties of solids and layered materials
Which two types of interfering fields are collected on fast photodiodes in photothermal microscopy?
Backward and forward
What does the probing beam do in photothermal microscopy?
detects and measures the local refractive index changes
What allows the sample to be moved continuously through the laser?
A Feedback Loop
What is the benefit of single particle tracking?
Live tracking of molecule
What are two examples of applications of Ion Scattering Spectroscopy?
a. Microelectronics
b. Study of crystal growth
c. Study of oxidation
d. Sample characterization
How are scattered ions measured in order to determine the element in the sample
Kinetic energy of the ion
In Ion Scattering Spectroscopy, what level of vacuum is the sample held at?
ultra high vacuum
What type of atoms create the larger peaks in a spectrum when using Ion Scattering Spectroscopy?
Larger atoms
XRF works by removing what from the inner orbital shell of an atom
Electron
Name 3 applications for XRF
Geology, medicine, environmental analysis, mining and ore processing
When was XRF first used
1928 by Glocker and Schreiber
Two categories of XRF
Energy Dispersive and Wavelength Dispersive
What is the purpose for having the field reduction factor for Field Ion Microscopy?
to take into account the geometry and electrostatic environment of each tip
Why must some imaging gas be present in Field Ion Microscopy?
So that there is a medium to be ionized
What defects can be seen using Field Ion Microscopy?
vacancies, dislocations and grain boundaries
For Analyzing alloys using Field Ion Microscopy what do the differences in colors represent?
Different phases in the sample.
What is a particle accelerator called in small-angle X-ray scattering
Synchroton
How many dimensions is the initial data collected in for small angle x-ray scattering
2 dimensions
What are the two main categories of SAXS instruments?
Point-collimation and line-collimation
What is the main complication in the process of SAXS?
Separating the main beam from the weaker scattered x-rays
What is the other name for particle-induced x-ray emission?
Proton-induced x-ray emission
How is the heat from a proton beam displaced? (particle induced xray)
By running a helium purge
What form is data given? (particle induced xray)
Peaks
Name two applications of PIXS (particle induced x ray)
- Art
- biology
- materials science
- environmental pollution
- bones
- ancient texts
- ancient tools
- paintings
- pottery
- jewels
when was the effect of auger electron spectroscopy observed?
Mid 1920’s
Name two main uses of AES
- Analyze grain boundaries in metals and ceramics
- Study film growth and surface-chemical composition
- Quality control surface analyses in integrated circuits (fast collection times), - Areas that require high spatial resolution
- Depth profiling
What are the two types of interactions?
Elastic and Inelastic scattering
The Auger energies fall between what two electron energies?
Secondary and backscattered
Who were the two scientists that Ernest Rutherford supervised and what where they studying?
Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden, they were studying the scattering of alpha particles through metal foils
What is the difference between Rutherford’s model of the atom and Rutherford-Bohr model?
The Rutherford model did not consider the different electron shells. Niels Bohr improved the Rutherford model through quantum mechanics to show there were different electron shells
What are the three components for the apparatus?
An ion source (usually He¬+), a linear particle accelerator, and a detector
What are two applications for using RBS?
Composition of a sample, contamination levels, depth of an element for multilayered samples
What are the two main types of Confocal microscopes?
laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and tandem scanning microscopes (CTSM)
What is the main difference between conventional fluorescence microscopes and Confocal microscopes?
Uses point illumination and pinhole to eliminate out-of-focus signal
What are the sensitive detectors that can be used in the confocal microscope
Photomultiplier tube or avalanche photodiode
What are 3 applications for the confocal microscope?
- Stem cell research -Photobleaching studies
- Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)
- Limetime imaging
- Multiphoton microscopy
- DNA hybridization
- Membrane and ion probes
- Bioluminescent proteins
- Epitope tagging
