Group 2, the alkaline earth metals Flashcards
describe the physical appearance of the Group 2 metals in comparison to Group 1
harder and denser than the Group 1 metals
higher melting points, surface is covered in a layer of oxide
describe the trend in reactivity down the group
reactivity increases down the group
what is the trend of ionisation energy for group 2 elements ?
extra shells so more shielding so weaker attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons - easier to remove the outer electrons so less energy needed
compare the sizes of a K+ ion and a Ca 2+ ion
Ca 2+ ion is smaller than a K + ion because the effective nuclear charge is 2 + compared to 1+ for K + so the remaining electrons are held more closely
what is the oxidation state of Group 2 metals in their compounds ?
+ 2
what types of agents is Group 2 metals ?
reducing agents
which metal in Group 2 is not a reducing agent ?
beryllium as they readily give up their two s electrons to form M 2+ ions
why is beryllium not a typical Group 2 element ?
the small size of its ion means that it has a much higher polarizing power than other Group 2 ions so its compounds have different chemical characteristics
what does group 2 elements produce in the reaction with oxygen ?
metal oxides - bases
group 2 oxides
- state the reaction of magnesium oxide and beryllium oxide
magnesium oxide - reacts very slowly and the hydroxide barely dissolves
beryllium oxide - does not react with water at all and the hydroxide is insoluble
as we go down the group, why do the group 2 oxides become more strongly alkaline ?
as the hydroxides become more soluble
how does oxides react with water ?
readily with water to make hydroxides which dissociate to form OH- ions
what does reaction with water for group 2 elements produce ?
metal hydroxides - bases
reactions with water - group 2 elements
- example
Sr (s) + 2H2O (l) -> Sr(OH) (aq) + H2 (g)
an increase of number of protons decreases down the group, what does the the shielding effect do ?
it overrides an increase in positive charge
Mg reacts slowly in cold water but more vigoursly in steam what does it produce ?
magnesium oxide instead of a hydroxide so the equation would be 2H2O(aq) not 2H2O(l)