Group 2 elements

Question 1

Describe the trend in atomic radius as you go down group 2.

Answer 1

It increases as there are more shells as you go down the group.

Question 2

Describe the trend in the first ionization as you go down group 2.

Answer 2

It decreases as atomic radius increases and shielding increases. Even with the increase in nuclear charge the attraction between the nucleus and outer electrons decreases meaning less energy is needed to remove an electron.

Question 3

Describe the trend in reactivity as you go down group 2.

Answer 3

The reactivity increases as the atomic radius and shielding increases. This means that the attraction between the nucleus and electrons decreases and that makes it easier to lose an electron.

Question 4

Describe the trend in melting points as you go down group 2.

Answer 4

It decreases. This is because the positive ions get larger and the metallic bonds get weaker meaning less energy is needed to break those bonds.

Question 5

How do group 2 elements react with water?

Question 6

Why does the reaction with water become more rapid as you go down the group?

Answer 6

The ionisation energies decrease and that means reactivity increases.

Question 7

How does the solubility of Group 2 sulfates change as you go down the group?

Answer 7

decreases

Question 8

How does the solubility of Group 2 hydroxides change as you go down the group?

Answer 8

increases

Question 9

What is the test for sulfate ions?

Answer 9

1. dilute HCl
2. barium chloride
3. a white precipitate should form

Question 10

What are barium meals used for?

Answer 10

They contain barium sulfate which coats the digestive tract and makes them visible under X-rays.

Question 11

Why is barium sulfate safe to use in barium meals even if it is toxic?

Answer 11

Barium sulfate is insoluble meaning it doesn’t dissolve in the blood and cause harm.

Question 12

How is magnesium used to extract titanium?

Question 13

How is sulfur dioxide removed from greenhouse gases?

Answer 13

The CaO and CaCO3 are mixed with water to form a slurry and they react with the SO2 and remove it from the greenhouse gases.

Question 14

What is the use of calcium hydroxide in agriculture?

Answer 14

It neutralises acidic soils.

Question 15

What is the use of magnesium hydroxide in medicine?

Answer 15

It is used as an antacid. This neutralises stomach acid.