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AQA Inorganic Chemistry > Group 2 > Flashcards

Group 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the trend in group 2 atomic radius and why?

A

Atomic radius increases because a full energy level of electrons is added between each element

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2
Q

What is the trend in group 2 first ionisation energies?

A

First I.E. decreases because:- All outer electrons in a full s orbital- Shielding increases - Effective nuclear charge on the nucleus decreases- Weaker attraction to outer electrons- Therefore less energy required to remove the outer electron

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3
Q

What is the trend in group 2 melting/boiling point?

A

Melting and boiling points decrease because:- All group 2 elements form 2+ ions in metallic structure- Increased shielding causes weaker effective nuclear charge- Decreases strength of electrostatic attractions with delocalised electrons- Therefore less energy needed to overcome the electrostatic attractions

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4
Q

How does reactivity change down group 2?

A

Reactivity increases ( linked to 1st + 2nd I.E.)

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5
Q

What type of reaction is the reaction of a group 2 metal and water?

A

Redox reactions

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6
Q

What is formed when a group 2 metal reacts with 2 water molecules?

A

A metal hydroxide (base) and hydrogen

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7
Q

What temperature water do group 2 metals react with?

A

Cold water

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8
Q

What forms when Mg reacts with water and why?

A

A white precipitate because the metal hydroxide is not soluble

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9
Q

What is formed When Ba reacts with water and why?

A

No precipitate because the metal hydroxide is soluble

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10
Q

What can be said about the reaction of Mg with water?

A

It is incredibly slow because Mg is the least reactive

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11
Q

How can the reaction of Mg and water be sped up?

A

React Mg with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen

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12
Q

What is MgO?

A

An insoluble base

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13
Q

How does solubility change down group 2?

A

Solubility increases

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14
Q

What is barium hydroxide classed as and why?

A

A strong alkali because it is very soluble

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15
Q

What is the trend in solubility for the group 2 hydroxides going down a group?

A

Solubility increases down group 2

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16
Q

What is the trend in solubility for the group 2 sulfates going down a group?

A

Solubility decreases down group 2

17
Q

What is the trend in solubility for the group 2 carbonates going down a group?

A

They are all insoluble

18
Q

How can you test if you have a group 2 ion present?

A

Add sodium carbonate, a white precipitate will form for all group 2 ions as they are all insoluble

19
Q

How can you test for a barium ion in solution?

A

Add a sulfate ion because a thick white precipitate will form if the barium ion is present because it is insoluble

20
Q

How can you test for a magnesium ion in solution?

A

Add sodium hydroxide, if a magnesium ion is present a white precipitate will form because it is insoluble

21
Q

What are the two uses of magnesium?

A
  • Mg (l) used in the extraction of titanium from its ore- Magnesium hydroxide used as an antacid
22
Q

What are the two uses of calcium?

A
  • Calcium hydroxide used in agriculture to increase soil pH (neutralise)- Calcium oxide/Calcium carbonate used to remove sulpher dioxide from flue gases
23
Q

What are the two uses of barium?

A

Barium sulfate used in medicine (barium meal) because it is highly insoluble so outlines the digestive tract for x-ray viewing

24
Q

How is magnesium used to extract titanium from its ore?

A

2Mg(l) + TiCl4(g) -> Ti(l) + 2MgCl2- 1000 degrees c- Argon atmosphere so neither the Mg or the Ti react with oxygen

25
Q

How is magnesium used as an antacid?

A

Magnesium hydroxide + 2HCl -> Magnesium chloride + 2H2O

26
Q

How is calcium hydroxide used in agriculture to neutralise soil?

A

Calcium hydroxide + acid -> Ca(salt) + water

27
Q

Why is it preferable to use CaO to remove sulpher dioxide?

A

CaO + SO2 produces calcium sulfite only. Whereas calcium carbonate produces calcium sulfite and carbon dioxide

AQA Inorganic Chemistry (4 decks)

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