Group 2 Flashcards
What happens to reactivity down the group?
Increases
Why does reactivity down group 2 increase?
Less attraction between the nucleus and the electrons they are losing as the atomic radius and shielding increases.
What happens to the sum of the first and second ionisation energies as you go down the group?
Gets less (links to reactivity)
Using X to represent a group 2 metal write an equation for a reaction with oxygen
2X + O2 –> 2XO
Using X to represent a group 2 metal write an equation for a reaction with water
X + 2H2O –> X(OH)2 + H2
Using X to represent a group 2 metal write an equation for a reaction with sulfuric acid
X + H2SO4 –> XSO4 + H2
Using X to represent a group 2 metal write an equation for a reaction with nitric acid
X + 2HNO3 –> X(NO3)2 + H2
Using X to represent a group 2 metal write an equation for a reaction of X oxide with sulfuric acid
XO + H2SO4 –> XSO4 + H2O
Using X to represent a group 2 metal write an equation for a reaction of X hydroxide with nitric acid
X(OH)2 + 2HNO3 –> X(NO3)2 + 2H2O
Using X to represent a group 2 metal write an equation for a reaction of X hydroxide with hydrochloric acid
X(OH)2 + 2HCl –> XCl2 + 2H2O
How are Calcium/Magnesium hydroxide used in the home/on a farm?
Treat stomach indigestion (neutralise stomach acid)
Neutralise acidic soil
What is the bonding/structure of group 2?
Metallic bonding - Strong electrostatic force of attraction between positive ions and the sea of delocalised electrons.
Giant metallic lattice
What ions do group 2 form?
2+
What is the redox character of group 2?
Reducing agents
Reacts by losing electrons
Are group 2 acids or bases?
Oxides and hydroxides are basic
What things increase down the group?
Atomic radius
Reactivity
Speed of reaction with water
Solubility of hydroxides
What decreases down the group?
Melting/boiling points
1st ionisation energy
Solubility of sulfate
Write equation for the production of quicklime
CaCO3 –> CaO + CO2
Write equation for neutralisation using quicklime
CaO + 2H+ –> Ca + H2O
Write an equation for the formation of slaked lime
CaO + H2O –> Ca(OH)2
Write an equation for magnesium and water
Mg + H2O –> MgO + H2
Compare the conductivity of solid Group 2 oxides and Group 2 elements
Solid XO’s don’t conduct as their ions are fixed in a lattice so aren’t mobile while group 2 elements have delocalised electrons which are mobile so they can conduct.
Compare the conductivity of solid and molten Group 2 oxides
Solid XO’s don’t conduct as their ions are fixed in a lattice so aren’t mobile while when molten ions aren’t fixed in a lattice so are mobile and are able to conduct the electricity.
Compare the boiling points of Group 2 oxides and water
Group 2 oxides have a much higher melting point as they have strong efoa between oppositely charged ions while water just has intermolecular forces which require a lot less energy to break.
