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3.8 - Reactivity trends > Group 2 > Flashcards

Group 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the elements in Group 2 called?

A

Alkaline earth metals

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2
Q

Why are the group 2 elements called alkaline earth metals?

A

Alkaline properties of the metal hydroxides - reactive and don’t occur in their elemental form naturally

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3
Q

What are Group 2 elements found in on earth?

A

Stable compounds

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4
Q

What is the most common type of reaction in Group 2 elements?

A

Redox reactions

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5
Q

How many outer-shell electrons does each Group 2 element have?

A

Two

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6
Q

What is the outer-most subshell in Group 2?

A

Outer s subshell

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7
Q

What happens during a redox reaction with Group 2 elements?

A

Each metal atom is oxidised, losing two electrons to form a 2+ ion with the electron configuration of a noble gas
Another species will gain these two electrons and be reduced

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8
Q

What does the Group 2 element become in a redox reaction?

A

A reducing agent

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9
Q

Why does the Group 2 element become a reducing agent?

A

It has reduced another species

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10
Q

What do Group 2 elements form when reacting with oxygen?

A

A metal oxide

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11
Q

What is the general formula of a metal oxide?

A

MO

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12
Q

What ions are in a metal oxide?

A

M2+ and O2- ions

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13
Q

What happens when magnesium reacts with oxygen?

A

Magnesium burns with a brilliant white light and forms white magnesium oxide

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14
Q

What happens to the oxidation number when metals react with oxygen?

A

They balance

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15
Q

What do Group 2 elements form when reacting with water?

A

An alkaline hydroxide and hydrogen gas

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16
Q

What is the general formula of an alkaline hydroxide?

A

M(OH)2

17
Q

What is the trend in reactivity in Group 2?

A

Reactivity increases down the group

18
Q

What do Group 2 elements form when reacting with dilute acids?

A

A salt and hydrogen gas

19
Q

How do Group 2 elements react?

A

By losing electrons to form 2+ ions

20
Q

What does the formation of 2+ ions from gaseous atoms require?

A

The input of two ionisation energies

21
Q

What is the trend in ionisation energies down Group 2?

A

Ionisation energies decrease down the group

22
Q

Why do ionisation energies decrease down Group 2?

A

The attraction between the nucleus and outer electrons decreases as a result of increasing atomic radius and shielding

23
Q

Why do Group 2 elements become more reactive down the group?

A

The ionisation energies decrease so it becomes easier to remove an electron from the outer shell

24
Q

What happens when Group 2 oxides react with water?

A

They release hydroxide ions (OH-) and form alkaline solutions of the metal hydroxide

25
Q

Are Group 2 hydroxides soluble in water?

A

Only slightly

26
Q

What happens when a Group 2 hydroxide solution becomes saturated?

A

Any further metal and hydroxide ions will form a solid precipitate

27
Q

What is the trend in solubility of hydroxides down Group 2?

A

It increases down the group

28
Q

What happens to resulting solutions down the group?

A

They contain more OH- (aq) ions and are more alkaline

29
Q

Describe the experiment to show the trend in solubility of Group 2 hydroxides

A

1) Add a spatula of each G2 oxide to water in a test tube

2) Shake. On this scale, there is insufficient water to dissolve all the metal hydroxide that forms. You will have a saturated solution of each metal hydroxide with some white solid undissolved at the bottom of the test tube

3) Measure the pH of each solution - the alkalinity will increase down the group

30
Q

Why are Group 2 compounds used as bases?

A

Due to their basic properties and ability to neutralise acids

31
Q

Which Group 2 compound is used in agriculture?

A

Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2

32
Q

Why is calcium hydroxides added to fields?

A

To increase the pH of acidic soils - the calcium hydroxide neutralises acid in the soil, forming neutral water

33
Q

What two Group 2 compounds are used in medicine?

A

Calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide

34
Q

Why are calcium carbonate and magnesium used in medicine?

A

They are used as antacids for treating acid indigestion by neutralising hydrochloric acid in the stomach

3.8 - Reactivity trends (3 decks)

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