Group 16: Calcogens Flashcards by Shreeya Gupta

compare I.E. group 16 and group 15 (group 16)

group 16 < group 15

half filled

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minimum EA (group 16)

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maximum EA (group 16)

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highest catenation (group 16)

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minimum oxidation state (group 16)

-2

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maximum oxidation state (group 16)

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stability of which OS decreases down the group due to inert pair effect? (group 16)

+6 decreases and +4 increases

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allotropes of oxygen(group 16)

ozone

oxygen

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allotropes of sulphur (group 16)

rhombic sulphur(alpha)
monoclinic sulphur (beta)
plastic sulphur (delta)

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general molecule on reaction with H2(group 16)

H2E

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trend of BP on H2E (group 16)

H2S< H2Se < H2Te < H2O (H- bonding)

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acidic strength of H2E (group 16)

increases down the group

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bond energy H2E (group 16)

decreases down the group

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Bond angle H2E (group 16)

decreases down the group due to Drago’s rule

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thermal stability of H2E (group 16)

decreases down the group

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general compound with oxygen (group 16)

EO3 and EO2
oxidation state directly proportional to acidic nature
EO3 > EO2

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reducing nature of oxide(Group 16)

decreases down the group

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General compound with halides (Group 16)

EX2 / EX4 / EX6

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stability of halide (Group 16)

F > Cl> Br > I

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only __ hexa halide is stable and exist in gaseous state (Group 16)

Flourids

due to bulkiness

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Se2Cl2 show disproportionation like (Group 16)

SeCl4 + Se

other dimer also show such reaction

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preparation of dioxygen (Group 16)

factional distillation
electrolysis of acidified water
decomposition of oxides
photosynthesis

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catalyst in decomposition of H2O2 (Group 16)

MnO

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chlorate (Group 16)

ClO3-

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catalyst for deacon's process (Group 16)

CuCl2

catalyst for contact process (Group 16)

V2O5

neutral oxides (Group 16)

NO N2O CO H2O

metals that form amphoteric oxides (Group 16)

Al , Sn , Ga, Be , Sb , Pb, Cr

example of acidic oxides that are formed by metals (Group 16)

Mn2O7, CrO3, V2O5 | metal with high OS

suboxide (Group 16)

-2 | carbon suboxide C3O2

colour of O3(Group 16)

Gas : pale blue liquid : dark blue solid : violet-blue

condition for preparation of O3 from O2 (Group 16)

silent electric discharge

ozone show bleaching property by (Group 16)

oxidation

fuel used by supersonic jets (Group 16)

NO +O3 (Group 16)

NO2 +O2

structure of S8 (Group 16)

crown like (W)

alpha and beta sulphur is soluble and insoluble in (Group 16)

soluble in CS2 and insoluble in H2O

alpha stable under _ C (Group 16)

beta stable above _ C(Group 16)

at high temperature sulphur exist as (Group 16)

S6 and in vapour state even at S2

sulphite(SO3 2-) salt + H2SO4 (Group 16)

SO2 + H2O

FeS2 + O2(Group 16)

Fe2O3 + SO2

why do lime water turns milky on adding CO2 to it

CaCO3

on adding excess CO2 to calcium carbonate

Ca(HCO3)2 colourless

sodium bisulphide(Group 16)

NaHSO3 | formed on passing excess CO2 to sodium suphide

SO2 show bleaching property by (Group 16)

reducing nature

SO2+ Cl2 (Group 16)

SO2Cl2

SO2Cl2 (Group 16)

sulphuryl chloride

preparation method for H2SO4(Group 16)

Contact process

catalytic oxidation of SO2 is favored by (Group 16)

low temperature

S +O2 (Group 16)

SO2

SO2 + O2 (Group 16)

in presence of V2O5 | SO3

fuming sulphuric acid

oleum H2S2O7

chemical reactions ofH2SO4(Group 16)

1. low volatility 2. dehydrating agent 3. oxidizing agent 4. acid- base

structure of peroxodisulphuric acid (group 16)

H2S2O8

structure of pyrosulphuric acid (group 16)

H2S2O7

structure of thiosulphuric acid (group 16)

H2S2O3

structure of peroxomonosulphuric acid (group 16)

H2SO5

structure of pyrosulphurous acid (group 16)

H2S2O5

structure of dithionic acid (group 16)

H2S2O6

structure of dithionus acid (group 16)

H2S2O4

structure of polythionic acid (group 16)

H2SnO6 | n varies from 2 to 5

``` H2S2O3 H2S2O4 H2S2O5 H2S2O6 H2S2O7 H2S2O8 (group 16) ```

``` H2S2O3 - thiosulphuric acid H2S2O4 - dithionus acid H2S2O5 - disulphurous acid H2S2O6 - dithionic acid H2S2O7 - pyrosulphuric acid ( fuming sulphuric acid ) H2S2O8 - peroxodisulphuric acid ```

H2SO4 H2SO3 H2SnO6 (group 16)

H2SO4 - sulphuric acid H2SO3 - sulphurous acid H2SnO6 - polythionic acid