Group 16: Calcogens Flashcards
compare I.E. group 16 and group 15 (group 16)
group 16 < group 15
half filled
minimum EA (group 16)
O
maximum EA (group 16)
S
highest catenation (group 16)
S
minimum oxidation state (group 16)
-2
maximum oxidation state (group 16)
+6
stability of which OS decreases down the group due to inert pair effect? (group 16)
+6 decreases and +4 increases
allotropes of oxygen(group 16)
ozone
oxygen
allotropes of sulphur (group 16)
rhombic sulphur(alpha) monoclinic sulphur (beta) plastic sulphur (delta)
general molecule on reaction with H2(group 16)
H2E
trend of BP on H2E (group 16)
H2S< H2Se < H2Te < H2O (H- bonding)
acidic strength of H2E (group 16)
increases down the group
bond energy H2E (group 16)
decreases down the group
Bond angle H2E (group 16)
decreases down the group due to Drago’s rule
thermal stability of H2E (group 16)
decreases down the group
general compound with oxygen (group 16)
EO3 and EO2
oxidation state directly proportional to acidic nature
EO3 > EO2
reducing nature of oxide(Group 16)
decreases down the group
General compound with halides (Group 16)
EX2 / EX4 / EX6
stability of halide (Group 16)
F > Cl> Br > I
only __ hexa halide is stable and exist in gaseous state (Group 16)
Flourids
due to bulkiness
Se2Cl2 show disproportionation like (Group 16)
SeCl4 + Se
other dimer also show such reaction
preparation of dioxygen (Group 16)
- factional distillation
- electrolysis of acidified water
- decomposition of oxides
- photosynthesis
catalyst in decomposition of H2O2 (Group 16)
MnO
chlorate (Group 16)
ClO3-
catalyst for deacon’s process (Group 16)
CuCl2
catalyst for contact process (Group 16)
V2O5
neutral oxides (Group 16)
NO N2O CO H2O
metals that form amphoteric oxides (Group 16)
Al , Sn , Ga, Be , Sb , Pb, Cr
example of acidic oxides that are formed by metals (Group 16)
Mn2O7, CrO3, V2O5
metal with high OS
suboxide (Group 16)
-2
carbon suboxide C3O2
colour of O3(Group 16)
Gas : pale blue
liquid : dark blue
solid : violet-blue
condition for preparation of O3 from O2 (Group 16)
silent electric discharge
ozone show bleaching property by (Group 16)
oxidation
fuel used by supersonic jets (Group 16)
NO
NO +O3 (Group 16)
NO2 +O2
structure of S8 (Group 16)
crown like (W)
alpha and beta sulphur is soluble and insoluble in (Group 16)
soluble in CS2 and insoluble in H2O
alpha stable under _ C (Group 16)
96
beta stable above _ C(Group 16)
96
at high temperature sulphur exist as (Group 16)
S6 and in vapour state even at S2
sulphite(SO3 2-) salt + H2SO4 (Group 16)
SO2 + H2O
FeS2 + O2(Group 16)
Fe2O3 + SO2
why do lime water turns milky on adding CO2 to it
CaCO3
on adding excess CO2 to calcium carbonate
Ca(HCO3)2 colourless
sodium bisulphide(Group 16)
NaHSO3
formed on passing excess CO2 to sodium suphide
SO2 show bleaching property by (Group 16)
reducing nature
SO2+ Cl2 (Group 16)
SO2Cl2
SO2Cl2 (Group 16)
sulphuryl chloride
preparation method for H2SO4(Group 16)
Contact process
catalytic oxidation of SO2 is favored by (Group 16)
low temperature
S +O2 (Group 16)
SO2
SO2 + O2 (Group 16)
in presence of V2O5
SO3
fuming sulphuric acid
oleum H2S2O7
chemical reactions ofH2SO4(Group 16)
- low volatility
- dehydrating agent
- oxidizing agent
- acid- base
structure of peroxodisulphuric acid (group 16)
H2S2O8
structure of pyrosulphuric acid (group 16)
H2S2O7
structure of thiosulphuric acid (group 16)
H2S2O3
structure of peroxomonosulphuric acid (group 16)
H2SO5
structure of pyrosulphurous acid (group 16)
H2S2O5
structure of dithionic acid (group 16)
H2S2O6
structure of dithionus acid (group 16)
H2S2O4
structure of polythionic acid (group 16)
H2SnO6
n varies from 2 to 5
H2S2O3 H2S2O4 H2S2O5 H2S2O6 H2S2O7 H2S2O8 (group 16)
H2S2O3 - thiosulphuric acid H2S2O4 - dithionus acid H2S2O5 - disulphurous acid H2S2O6 - dithionic acid H2S2O7 - pyrosulphuric acid ( fuming sulphuric acid ) H2S2O8 - peroxodisulphuric acid
H2SO4
H2SO3
H2SnO6
(group 16)
H2SO4 - sulphuric acid
H2SO3 - sulphurous acid
H2SnO6 - polythionic acid
