Group 13

Question 1

Why are Ga and Ti smaller than expected?

Answer 1

They experience greater nuclear charge as the f and d orbitals aren’t that good at shielding. So are held tighter

Question 2

What does Ga and Ti being smaller than expected affect?

Answer 2

It makes their ionisation energy and electronegativity higher than expected

Question 3

What’s an allotrope?

Answer 3

Different structural forms of the same element

Question 4

What is the bonding like in boron?

Answer 4

Its electron deficient

Question 5

What the bonding like in Al

Answer 5

Its high charge density gives it amphoteric nature. so it can act as a metal and a non metal

Question 6

What are the oxides of metallic species?

Answer 6

Basic

Question 7

What are the oxides of non metallic species?

Answer 7

Acidic

Question 8

Is the oxide of Boron acidic or basic ?

Answer 8

Acidic (non metallic)

Question 9

Is the oxide of Al acidic or basic?

Answer 9

Its amphoteric

Question 10

Is the oxide of Ga acidic or basic?

Answer 10

Its amphoteric

Question 11

are the oxides of In and Ti acidic or basic?

Answer 11

Basic (metals)

Question 12

What is the inert pair effect

Answer 12

Ions at the top of the groups can usually form really strong ionic lattices, which can offset the cost of removing more electrons.
Also, relativistic effects, heavy elements hold their 6S orbitals very closely, making it hard to remove them

Question 13

What is the bonding in boron halides? and is it acidic or basic

Answer 13

Covalent. therefore acidic

Question 14

What is the bonding like in group 3 elements (excluding B) with F

Answer 14

Ionic. (B is covalent)

Question 15

What is the bonding like with group 3 and the halogens (not F)

Answer 15

Covalent. (with F its ionic except b with F)