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PCQA111 > GROUP 1 ELEMENTS > Flashcards

GROUP 1 ELEMENTS Flashcards

1
Q

It is a tabular display of the
chemical elements

A

A periodic table

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2
Q

Father of Modern Chemistry
* List 33 chemical elements (Oxygen, Sulfur
and Hydrogen)

A

Antoine Lavoiser

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3
Q

Law of Triads (Dobereiner’s triad) –
related properties

A

Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner

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4
Q

*Gmelin System - he had identified ten
triads, three groups of four, and one
group of five.

A

Leopold Gmelin

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5
Q

describing relationships between various
groups of metals.

A

Jean-Baptiste Dumas

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6
Q

Ability of Carbon to bond other 4 elements. (Concept
of Benzene)
* Founder of theory of chemical structure

A

August Kekule

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7
Q

Law of Octaves
* Arrange the elements according to atomic number
but slightly differ from modern P.T.

A

John Newlands

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8
Q

Published periodic table

A

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev and Juliu Lothar Meyer

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9
Q

He published modern Periodic table

A

Henry Mosley

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10
Q

Periods & Groups

A

The periodic table has a total of 7
periods and 18 groups.

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11
Q

are referred to as representative
elements (s and p block)

A

Groups A

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12
Q

are transition elements (d and p
block)

A

Groups B

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13
Q

elements include Actinides
and lanthanides series ( f block)

A

Inner transition

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14
Q

MOST REACTIVE GROUP

A

GROUP 1A
AKALI-METALS

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15
Q

Don’t occur free in nature
Salt soluble
* Valence electron: 1
* Activity ⬆with atomic number
* Alkalinity ⬆with atomic number
* Degree of solvation ⬇ with atomic number

A

GROUP 1A
AKALI-METALS

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16
Q
  • By Henry Cavendish (1766)
  • Aka: “inflammable air”
  • Lightest and Most abundant element
  • Cation: monovalent or hydronium; Anion: hydride
  • Preparation: LANE PROCESS & MESSERSCHMIDT
    PROCESS: 99% PURE HYDROGEN
A

HYDROGEN

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17
Q

1H-most abundant; PROTIUM
* 2H-heavy hydrogen; DEUTERIUM
* 3H-radioactive: TRITIUM

A

Isotopes:

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18
Q

Greek word, lithos means stone.
“Earth Stone” * Discoverer: J.A. Arfvedson
* Lightest metal on Earth

A

LITHIUM

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19
Q

Heat exchanger in air condition
LiBr
- antidepressant
Li
2CO
3
(Lithase®)
– DOC for
Bipolar Disorder
LiD (Deuterium)
– used in
Hydrogen bombs
Diuretic

A

LITHIUM

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19
Q

Quilonium-R
* Lithane
* Eskalith
* Indication: Bipolar
disorder
Relationship with Na?
* Component of Lithia
water

A
  • Lithium carbonate
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20
Q

Flux in ceramic glazes

A

Lithium Oxide

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21
Q

Manufacture of ceramics

A

Lithium Fluoride

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22
Q

Cosmetics, in plastics, and as a
lubricant in powder metallurgy

A

Lithium stearate

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23
Q

Manufacture of mineral water, esp.
Lithiawater

A

Lithium Chloride

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24
Q

Reducing agent, esp. In
pharmaceutical and perfume
manufacturing

A

Lithium Aluminum
Hydroxide

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25
Q

Absorb carbon dioxide, esp. In
spacesuits

A

Lithium Hydroxide

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26
Q

Bicarbonated drinks

A

Lithium Citrate

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27
Q

4th most abundant element in Earth
* the cation of choice to optimize the
pharmaceutical utility of organic
medicaments (therapeutic action due to
anion, except NaCl)
* Most abundant extracellular fluid cation

A

SODIUM (Natrium)

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28
Q
  • Urinary and systemic alkalizer
  • Diuretic
  • Antacid
A

SODIUM ACETATE

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29
Q

Zinc uranyl acetate (ZnUO2(CH3COO)4)
* Mg uranyl acetate (MgUO2(CH3COO)4)
* Cobalt uranyl acetate

A

SODIUM ACETATE

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30
Q

Baking soda
* Systemic antacid
* Carbonating agent

A

SODIUM BICARBONATE

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31
Q

HCO3 - 2
nd major extracellular anion
* Side effects:
* Systemic alkalosis
* Rebound hyperacidity
* Edema

A

SODIUM BICARBONATE

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32
Q

primary standard for acid-base
titrations
* manufacture of “soda lime glass”
* Preparation: SOLVAY PROCESS
* Efflorescence: loss of water of
crystallization

A

SODIUM CARBONATE

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33
Q

Decahydrate is washing soda, sal
soda, soda crystal
* Sesquihydrate is trona, urao
* Anhydrous is soda ash, calcined
soda

A

SODIUM CARBONATE

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34
Q

Fleet enema (Rectal)
* Cathartic
* Source of P or phosphate
* Urinary acidifier

A

SODIUM
DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE

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35
Q

Na metabisulfite
* Na2S2O5
* sodium
pyrosulfite
* Water soluble
anti-oxidant
(REDUCING
AGENT)

A

SODIUM
DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE

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36
Q

rock salt, halite, table salt, Soler
salt

A

SODIUM CHLORIDE

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37
Q

Electrolyte replenisher (NSS,
Lactated Ringer’s soln.)
* Tonicity adjuster
* Condiments
* Preservative
* Antidote for Silver poisoning

A

SODIUM CHLORIDE

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38
Q

Alkalizer
* buffer
* diuretic
* Expectorant
* Sequestering agent (Benedict’s rgt)
* Anticoagulant in vitro (Sodium citrate
is the ANTICOAGULANT OF CHOICE for
most routine coagulation studies (Harr,
2007)
* Pro-coagulant in vivo

A

SODIUM CITRATE

39
Q

FIRST fluoride
compound used in
water fluoridation
* Anticariogenic (2%
solution)
* Stimulator of bone
formation

A

SODIUM FLUORIDE

40
Q

caustic soda; sosa; Lye;
Saponifying agent
* Titrant for acids
* Component of soda lime
(Ca(OH)2; NaOH, KOH) → CO2
absorber
* Very deliquescent substance
* Readily attack glass

A

SODIUM HYDROXIDE

41
Q

Dakin’s solution; Chlorox (5%
NaClO)
* Daikin’s Solution: Modified Dakin’s
Solution is Diluted NaClO solution,
NF
* Used as irrigant
* Labarraque’s Solution: oxidizing
and bleaching agent
* Disinfectant
* Bleaching agent

A

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

42
Q

Solubilizer of iodine
* Expectorant
* Antifungal
* Treatment of goiter

A

SODIUM IODIDE

43
Q

Antacid (management of
acidosis)
* Diuretic

A

SODIUM LACTATE

44
Q

Salitre (in Philippine market)
* Vasodilator
* Preservative
* Treatment of cyanide poisoning
* CN- higher affinity than Heme
to Hgb
* NaNO2 is highly correlated to
brain tumors, and digestive tract
cancer (Pszezola, 1998) due to
nitrosamine production

A

SODIUM NITRITE

45
Q

CLINICAL CORRELATION
* CN Poisoning
* NaNO2
* Amyl nitrite
* Sodium thiosulfate
* Others:
* Methylene blue
* Hydroxocobalamin

A

SODIUM NITRITE

46
Q

Chile Saltpeter
* Fertilizer (believed to be
the oldest known inorganic
fertilizer)
* Manufacture of explosive
* Guggenheim process →
extraction process from ore

A

SODIUM NITRATE

47
Q
  • Lunge test – (+) blue color
    at interface of 2 liquids
  • Giess-Ilosvay – (+) red
    color
A

SODIUM NITRATE

48
Q

Glauber’ssalt
* Sal mirabile
* Saline cathartic
* Production of detergents
and paper pulping

A
  • SODIUM SULFATE
49
Q

primary standard of KFR
for water content
determination
* (+) K → Rochelle salt

A
  • SODIUM TARTRATE
50
Q

Hypotensive agent

A

SODIUM THIOCYANATE

51
Q

photographer’s hypo;
prismatic rice
* Chemical antidote in cyanide
poisoning
* Management of iodine
toxicity (converts iodine to
harmless iodide) →
Treatment of iodism: NaCl

A

SODIUM THIOSULFATE

52
Q

Cellulose sodium
phosphate: binds with
calcium

A
  • Ion exchangers
53
Q

tx of
hyperkalemia due to acute
kidney infection

A

Sodium polystyrene
sulfonate

54
Q

AKA: kalium, potash
* Most abundant and
predominant
INTRACELLULAR CATION
* Deficiency: Hypokalemia →
paralysis
* Toxicity: Hyperkalemia →
cardiac arrest

A

POTASSIUM

55
Q

Potassium gives glass brown
and light resistant
* MnO2: masks blue-green color
* Boron/ Borates: decreases the
coefficient of expansion
* Pb: increase refractive index

A

POTASSIUM

56
Q

Diuretic; muscle contraction

A

POTASSIUM

57
Q

Cathartic

A

POTASSIUM DIHYROGEN
PHOSPHATE

58
Q

Kalium durules®
* Electrolyte replenisher
(slow IV drip)
* Source of potassium
* IMPORTANT NOTE: Never
give by rapid IV push

A

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE

59
Q
  • Oral glucose and
    electrolyte solution
  • KCl
  • NaCl
  • Na lactate
  • Water for injection
A
  • DARROW’S SOLUTION
60
Q

diuretic
* expectorant
* diaphoretic

A

POTASSIUM CITRATE

61
Q

caustic potash, lye potash
* Saponifying agent
“Saponification value”
* Hard soap was made
using soda; soft soap with
potash.

A

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

62
Q
  • Depressant
  • Additives in bread
A

POTASSIUM BROMIDE

63
Q

Same as sodium iodide
* Expectorant
* Component of many reagents

A

POTASSIUM IODIDE

64
Q

Iodine-Potassium Iodide

A

WAGNER’S

65
Q

Potassium
Mercuric Iodide

A

MAYER’S /VALSER’S
REAGENT

66
Q

Potassium
Iodide + Bismuth Nitrate

A

DRAGENDORFF’S/
KRAUTS RGT

67
Q

(K2Sx.K2S2O3)
* liver of sulfur
* Heparis sulfur
* Preparation of white lotion
* Use to treat acne and
parasitic infections
* With zinc sulfate →
antipsoriasis

A

SULFURATED POTASH

68
Q

Oxidizing agent
* Use in fireworks
* Component of gargle and
mouthwashes

A

POTASSIUM CHLORATE

69
Q

salt peter, salitre, sal prunelle
* Diuretic
* Meat preservative

A

POTASSIUM NITRATE

70
Q

Mineral chameleon
* Oxidizing agent
* Antiseptic (1:5000)
* VS in permanganometry

A

POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE

71
Q
  • KMnO4 → valence of
    Manganese?
  • In Permanganometry, what
    indicator?
A

POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE

72
Q
  • Rochelle salt
  • Sal signette
  • cathartic
  • sequestering agent
  • Citrate vs Tartrate: Denige’s
    reagent
A

POTASSIUM SODIUM
TARTRATE

73
Q

Hypotensive

A

POTASSIUM THIOCYNATE

74
Q
  • “THE ONLY INSOLUBLE
    POTASSIUM SALT”
  • Cream of tartar
  • Creamor
  • Cathartic
A

POTASSIUM BITARTRTATE

75
Q
  • ONLY HYPOTHETICAL
    alkali metal
  • Preparation: Haber Process
  • Pcol action:
  • Diuretic
  • Buffer
  • Expectorant
  • Anti-cariogenic
A

AMMONIUM

76
Q
  • spirit of Minderesus
  • Styptic
A

AMMONIUM ACETATE

77
Q
  • Muriate of Hartshorn
  • Urinary acidifier
  • Diuretic
  • expectorant
A

AMMONIUM CHLORIDE

78
Q
  • Sal volatile
  • Hartshorn
  • Preston salt
  • baker’s ammonia
A

AMMONIUM CARBONATE

79
Q
  • Expectorant (ammonium)
  • antacid (carbonate)
  • respiratory stimulant
A

AMMONIUM CARBONATE

80
Q
  • HgNH2Cl
  • WHITE PRECIPITATE
  • Topical anti-infective
A

AMMONIATED MERCURY

81
Q
  • Source of iodine
  • Expectorant
  • Antifungal
A
  • AMMONIUM IODIDE
82
Q
  • Degree Baume
  • 10% NH3
A

16 DEGREES AMMONIA

83
Q
  • Catalyst in
    polymerization of resin
    forming material
  • First element
    discovered using
    spectroscope
  • Spectral line:
  • Cesium: blue
  • Rubidum: red
A

CESIUM

84
Q

Can occur in free metal state
Complexes / chelates
Very malleable
Easy to recover from ore

A

GROUP 1B
COINAGE
METALS

85
Q
  • Syn: Cuprum
  • Only reddish metal
  • 3
    rd most malleable metal
  • 2
    nd best conductor
  • Component of HEMOCYANIN
    (respiratory pigment) and
    cytochrome oxidase
A

COPPER

86
Q
  • 2 important of alloys:
  • Brass: Cu +Zn
  • Bronze: Cu + Sn
  • Pharmacologic actions:
  • Protein precipitant
  • Enhances physiological
    utilization of iron
  • Toxicity: Wilson’s disease
    (Antidote: penicillamine)
A

COPPER

87
Q
  • CuSO4.5H2O
  • blue vitriol, blue stone, Roman vitriol,
    Salzburg vitriol
A

CUPRIC SULFATE

88
Q
  • Component of Benedict’s, Barfoed’s
    and Fehling’s ingredient
  • Antidote for Phosphorous
    poisoning
  • Ingredient of Bordeaux mixture
A

CUPRIC SULFATE

89
Q
  • Cu3(AsO3)2.Cu(C2H3O)2
  • Paris Green (Insecticide)
A

COPPER ACETOARESENATE

90
Q
  • Hatchett’s brown
  • Antringent (8%)
A

CUPROUS
CITRATE

91
Q

“Scheele’s green”

A

CUPRIC
HYDROGEN
ARSENITE

92
Q
  • Aka: argentum, shining, bright
  • Oligodynamic property (germicidal
    action)
  • Protein ppt
  • Best conductor of electricity
  • 2
    nd malleable metal
  • Toxicity: argyria
  • Antidote: NSS
A

SILVER

93
Q
  • Lapiz infernulariz, lunar
    caustic, indelible ink,
    caustic pencil
  • Treatment of warts
  • Eye antiseptic for newborn
    babies of mother with
    gonorrhea
  • Wet dressing for 3rd degree
    burn at 0.5%
A
  • SILVER NITRATE
94
Q
  • Ag(NH3)2NO3
  • Howe’s solution
  • Dental protective
  • Desensitizing
    agent
  • Tollen’s rgt
A

AMMONIACAL
SILVER NITRATE

95
Q
  • Aka: Aurum, shining dawn,
    KING OF ALL METALS
  • Most malleable and ductile
  • 3rdbest conductor of
    electricity
  • Dissolved by:
  • Aqua regia (Royal Water)
  • Selenic acid (H2SeO4) > the
    only SINGLE acid that can
    dissolve gold
A

GOLD

95
Q
  • Aka: Aurum, shining dawn,
    KING OF ALL METALS
  • Most malleable and ductile
  • 3rdbest conductor of
    electricity
  • Dissolved by:
  • Aqua regia (Royal Water)
  • Selenic acid (H2SeO4) > the
    only SINGLE acid that can
    dissolve gold
A

GOLD

PCQA111 (2 decks)

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