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Pharm Final > Group 1 > Flashcards

Group 1 Flashcards

Includes adrenergic agonists, adrenergic blockers (antagonists), cholinergic agonists, anti-cholinergics

1
Q

Medication Safety

A

5 rights, complete orders, assessment of effectiveness, drug action

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2
Q

Adrenergic Agonist Names

A

Sympathetic = Fight or Flight
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Vasopressin, Albuterol, Dopamine, Dobutamine

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3
Q

Adrenergic Blockers (Antagonist)

A

Beta Blockers (-olol)
Inhibits sympathetic -> slows everything

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4
Q

Beta Blocker (-olol) Names

A

Selective: Metoprolol, Atenolol
Non-selective: Propranolol
Alpha-beta: Carvedilol, Labetalol

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5
Q

Beta Blocker (-olol) Indications

A

HTN, dysrhythmia, angina, stage fright

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6
Q

Beta Blocker (-olol) Sx/Adverse

A

Bradycardia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension

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7
Q

Cholinergic Agonist Types

A

Direct Acting: stimulate release of acetylcholine
Indirect Acting: inhibit acetylcholinesterase

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8
Q

Cholinergic Agonist Example

A

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

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9
Q

Cholinergic Agonist General Effects

A

Cholinergic Stimulation (Chill Drug)
GI and Urinary: increase gastric secretions, motility, urinary frequency
Miosis: constriction of pupil, decreased intraocular pressure
Cardiovascular: decreased HR, vasodilation
Lungs: increased secretion and restriction
Skeletal: increased contraction (nicotinic)

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10
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine) Indications

A

Tx of post-op and postpartum non-obstructive urinary retention

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11
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine) Contraindication

A

GI tract/bladder integrity is questionable or if there is a mechanical obstruction

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12
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine) Sx/Adverse

A

Hypotension, tachycardia, HA, seizure, GI upset, asthma attacks

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13
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine) Drug Interactions

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (indirect-acting cholinergic) can enhance the effects

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14
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine) Nursing Considerations

A

Atropine is the antidote, change position slowly, monitor vitals, early ambulation and increased fluid intake if not contraindicated

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15
Q

Anti-cholinergic Examples

A

Atropine, Tolterodine

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16
Q

Anti-cholinergic General Effects

A

Cardiovascular: increased HR, dysrhythmias
CNS: restlessness, irritability, disorientation, hallucinations, delirium
Eye: dilates pupils, decreased visual accommodation, increased intraocular pressure
GI: decreased salivation, gastric secretions, motility
GU: urinary retention
Glandular: decreased sweating
Respiratory: decreased bronchial secretions
Dry mucous membranes/dryness

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17
Q

Atropine Indications

A

Bradycardia, decrease secretions peri-op

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18
Q

Atropine Sxs

A

Dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation

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19
Q

Tolterodine Indications

A

Urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence

20
Q

Tolterodine Sxs

A

Urinary retention, constipation, dry mouth, dizziness, 3A4

21
Q

Tolterodine Contraindication

A

Urinary retention mechanical blockage

22
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Diazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam

For anxiety, seizure, insomnia

23
Q

Benzodiazepine (Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam) Sxs

A

CNS depression sxs (drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, sedation, respiratory depression)

24
Q

Benzodiazepine (Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam) Nursing Considerations

A

Could be abused
Tolerance can be built
Antidote is flumazenil

25
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Levetiracetam (Keppra)

Prevent and treat seizures

26
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) Sxs

A

CNS depression sxs (confusion, dizziness, slurred speech)

27
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) Nursing Considerations

A

Contraindicated with pregnancy (teratogenic to fetus)
Can cause low vitamin K

28
Q

Levetiracetam (Keppra) Sxs

A

Mood changes, suicidal ideation, anger (lower the dose)

29
Q

Levetiracetam (Keppra) Nursing Considerations

A

No true contraindications, only allergy
Pregnancy C

30
Q

Parkinson’s Medication

A

Carbidopa-Levodopa

Decreases Acetylcholine

31
Q

Carbidopa-Levodopa Sxs

A

Dry mouth, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, DARK URINE, ACTIVATES MELANOMA

32
Q

Carbidopa-Levodopa Nursing Considerations

A

Fall risk
Anticoagulation risk

33
Q

Alzheimer’s Medication

A

Rivastigmine

Elevates acetylcholine

34
Q

Rivastigmine Sxs

A

Dizziness, constipation, nausea

35
Q

Muscle Relaxant

A

Cyclobenzaprine

Short term treatment of muscle spasm

36
Q

Cyclobenzaprine Sxs

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, constipation, dry mouth

37
Q

Cyclobenzaprine Nursing Consideration

A

Take with food
Do not use for more than 1-3 weeks

38
Q

Anti-inflammatory Medications

A

NSAID’s (Ibuprofen)
Cox-2 inhibitor (Celecoxib)
Tumor Necrosis Factor Blocker - Infliximab (Remicade)
Allopurinol
Colchicine

39
Q

NSAID (Ibuprofen) Sxs

A

Nausea, rash, fluid retention, GI bleed

40
Q

NSAID (Ibuprofen) Nursing Considerations

A

Reduce pain, inflammation, fever

DO NOT USE IN RENAL DX
BLACK BOX WARNING (MI, CVA)
Increases risk of bleeding with AC, and antiplatelets

41
Q

Cox-2 Inhibitor (Celecoxib) Sxs

A

Nausea, dizziness

42
Q

Cox-2 Inhibitor (Celecoxib) Nursing Considerations

A

Decrease pain and inflammation for osteoarthritis

Less GI bleeding
BLACK BOX WARNING INCREASED FATAL CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS (MI and CVA)

43
Q

Infliximab (Remicade) Sxs

A

SEVERE INFECTIONS, headache, dizziness

44
Q

Infliximab (Remicade) Nursing Considerations

A

Treat rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s

Don’t use in HF

45
Q

Allopurinol Sxs

A

CATARACTS, N/V, stomatitis

Treats gout (reduces uric acid synthesis)

46
Q

Colchicine

A

Treatment and prophylaxis gout, pericarditis (prevents migration of leukocytes)

Does not effect uric acid levels
AVOID PURINES (beer, organ meats, sardines)

Pharm Final (5 decks)

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