Group 1 Flashcards
What is the name given to group 1 metals
Alkali metals
How many electrons do alkali metals have in their outer electron shell?
1
are group 1 metals soft or hard
Soft
Describe how lithium reacts with oxygem
Lithium reacts quickly with oxygen to form lithium oxide
lithium+ oxygen —> lithium oxide
Describe how sodium reacts with oxygen
Sodium reacts rapidly with oxygen to form sodium oxide
sodium + oxygen —> sodium oxide
Which reacts quicker with oxygen: sodium or lithium?
Sodium
Describe how potassium reacts with oxygen
Potassium reacts very rapidly with oxygen to form potassium oxide
potassium + oxygen —> potassium oxide
Which reacts the quickest with oxygen: lithium, sodium or potassium
Potassium
Write out the balanced equation for a reaction between oxygen and a group 1 metal
4(metal) + O2 —> 2(metal)2O
e.g 4Li + O2 —> 2Li2O
What happens to the reactivity of group 1 metals as we go down the group?
it increases
How do all group 1 metals react with chlorine
Rapidly
Write out the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between chlorine and the group 1 metals
2(metal) + Cl2 —> 2(metal)Cl
e.g. 2Li + Cl2 —> 2LiCl
What do we see when lithium reacts with water?
Lithium will react rapidly with the water
Effervescence is given off, showing that hydrogen gas is being produced
The lithium floats
What do we see when an alkali metal reacts with chlorine
They form a white salt and they dissolve in water to form a colourless solution
What do we see when sodium reacts with water?
The sodium reacts rapidly with the water
Effervesence is given off, showing that hydrogen gas is being produced
The sodium floats
What do we see when potassium reacts with water
Potassium reacts extremely rapidly with water
It floats and moves around quickly on the surface of the water
Effervesence is given off which shows that the hydrogen gas is being prodced
The potassium self-ignites
Is the reaction between alkali metals and water exothermic or endothermic
Exothermic because energy is being release as heat
What is the word equation for the reaction between alkali metals and water?
metal + water —> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
e.g. lithium + water —> lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
where the metal hydroxide is alkaline
What is the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between group one metals and water?
2(metal) + 2H2O —> 2LiOH + H2
e.g. 2Li + 2H2O —> 2LiOH + H2
Why does the reactivity of alkali metals increase as you go down the group
The atomic radius increases so the outer electron shell becomes further away from the positively charged nucleus.
This** weakens** the electrostatic force of attraction between them, making the electrons easier to lose.
What happens to the melting and boiling points of the alkali metals as you go down the group
It decreases
Why does the reactivity of the alkali metals decrease as you go down the group
As the atomic radius increases, the outer electron shell becomes further away from the positively charged nucleus. This weakens the electrostatic force of attraction. This means that a lower amount energy is required to overcome the bonds.
