Group 1 Flashcards
How does the landing gear work?
It’s usually powered by hydraulics that are often controlled by electric switches.
A basic hydraulic system consists of a reservoir to store the fluid, a pump to move it, a filter to keep contaminants out, a relief valve in case of a problem, and actuators, which are pistons that turns pressure energy into mechanical energy.
It works by pumping incompressible fluid through hydraulic lines from one actuator to another. That makes the pistons either extend or contract.
They should have warning system if you’re about to land and don’t have the gear down (it could be triggered by flaps at a certain angle without the gear down).
A weight on wheels squat switch will prevent you from raising the gear on the ground.
Trailing link landing gear on some aircraft will soften landings.
Tell me about a time you discovered a safety issue and what you did about it?
We had flight plans at AG that were too low in mountainous terrain. We talked to other pilots first and then our boss and explained the situation.
How would you modify a flight path?
You can fly direct to a path, cancel your flight plan and enter a new one, get radar vectors, etc.
When should you increase your final reserve to 45 minutes?
When you have an alternate airport on an instrument flight plan or when flying at night.
What is V1?
V1: Takeoff Decision Speed
It is the maximum speed during takeoff that will allow the aircraft to stop on what remains of the runway in case of an aborted takeoff.
The calculation of V1 is a matter of many factors. The weight of the aircraft and its cargo is the most important component. Airport elevation, the existence of any slope on the runway, and the presence of precipitation or ice also play a role. Temperature and wind speed are also factors, as are configuration of the airplane.
What is V2?
V2 — Takeoff safety speed. This is the speed that the aircraft can take off and climb even if an engine is not working.
What is balanced field length?
When the takeoff distance equals the accelerate stop distance.
The Accelerate Go Distance is the runway distance you cover to accelerate from a standing still position, lose one engine just prior to V1, decide to continue, rotate the aircraft and, reach 35ft at a speed of V2.
The Accelerate Stop Distance increases if you reject the take-off at high speed while the Accelerated Go Distance decreases if the engine fails at high speed.
On a Balanced Field Length, there is a speed during your take-off run, at which, if you decide to continue or to reject the take-off it will take you the same runway distance to stop the aircraft or to reach the 35ft height.
This is speed is called Balanced V1.
So, if you experience an engine failure on a Balance Field with a Balanced V1 speed you will cover the same runway distance to reach the 35ft screen height or to stop the aircraft.
The main advantage of having a Balanced Field Length is that your overall takeoff distances are reduced and thus your takeoff safety margins are increased.
It is important to remember that, if you experience an engine failure prior to V1 you must reject the takeoff, and if that happens after V1, you must continue the takeoff.
What would you do if you lost an engine during takeoff?
If below V1, abort. If above V1, maintain control, accelerate to V2, and takeoff. If in icing conditions, hit the x-flow button and climb to a safe altitude. Then talk to ATC and go to the checklist.
What causes dutch roll?
Dutch Roll is a combination of yaw and roll oscillations and can be dangerous.
When a swept-wing aircraft starts to yaw to one side, in this case to the right, the left wing becomes less swept in relation to the wind. It will then generate more lift causing it to lift up. That will make it roll to the yawed side. At some point, the vertical stabilizer will no longer be able to yaw to that side, so it will yaw back to the other side. Now the opposite wing becomes less swept, creates more lift, rises up, and rolls in the opposite direction. It can continue to get worse until the pilot loses control of the aircraft.
What is the recovery technique from dutch roll?
Most modern jets have a yaw damper to correct for this. It provides immediate input for the rudder and is sort of like an autopilot for the rudder. It works automatically without input from the pilot.
If it fails, each plane or company will have its own procedures about what to do. The general concept is to slow the plane down and be gentle on the controls to get the plane back into straight and level flight.
What are part 135 duty time regulations?
The pilot must have 10 consecutive hours of rest in the 24 hours before the flight.
How many hours can a part 135 pilot fly in a week?
1,200 hours in any calendar year.
(2) 120 hours in any calendar month.
(3) 34 hours in any 7 consecutive days.
What altitude do you fly when you have lost communications with ATC?
The highest of AME (of Ave. F.)
A - Assigned
M - Minimum Altitude for IFR
E - Expect (such as expect x altitude 5 minutes after departure)
What does it mean to be cleared for the approach?
If you are on a published segment of the approach (you’re not being radar vectored there by ATC), you can start your descent as long as you comply with required altitudes on the approach plate.
What does clearance on request mean?
The controller doesn’t have your clearance immediately at hand.
But he or she is tapping a keyboard or calling on a landline to retrieve it from the air traffic control system. The controller will call you back when your clearance is ready.
This situation can occur if you call more than 30 minutes before your proposed (estimated) time of departure, but there may be other reasons why your flight “strip” isn’t immediately available.
What is the clearance limit?
A clearance limit is the fix, point, or location to which an aircraft is cleared when issued an air traffic clearance. The clearance issued prior to departure normally authorizes flight to the airport of intended landing. A clearance limit is always preceded by the words, “Cleared to…” as above.
When the clearance limit is the airport of intended landing, the clearance should contain the airport name followed by the word “airport.”
A clearance limit may also be a NAVAID, intersection, or waypoint.
What is the maximum airspeed in Class C?
200 knots within 4 NM of the airport and within 2,500 of the ground. Otherwise 250 knots.
What does a flashing red light gun signal?
On the ground - Move clear of the landing area.
In the air - The airport is unsafe for landing. Go somewhere else.
What is TORA?
Take off runway available.
What is TODA?
Take off distance available.
What is ASDA?
Accelerate stop distance available.
What is LDA?
Landing distance available.
