Group 0, 1 and 7 elements

Question 1

What are the group 1 elements called?

Answer 1

The alkali metals

Question 2

Why are group 1 elements called the alkali metals?

Answer 2

Because when the react with water they make alkali solutions (dissolved metal hydroxides).

Question 3

What are the properties of group 1 elements?

Answer 3

They are solid at room temperature, shiny (until they react with oxygen), soft and have a low density (some of them can float on water.

Question 4

sodium + oxygen =>

Answer 4

Sodium oxide

Question 5

Sodium + chlorine =>

Answer 5

sodium chloride

Question 6

Sodium + water =>

Answer 6

Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 7

Describe the trend in reactivity of the group 1 elements

Answer 7

They get more reactive as you go down the group

Question 8

How many electrons do group 1 elements have in their outer shell?

Answer 8

1

Question 9

What charge do sodium ions have? Explain your answer.

Answer 9

+1 because they lose an electron to fill their outer shell

Question 10

Explain why sodium is more reactive than lithium.

Answer 10

• The outer electron of sodium is further from the nucleus.
• Therefore the outer electron has a weaker (electrostatic) attraction the nucleus.
• So the outer electron is lost more easily.

Question 11

What are the group 7 elements called?

Answer 11

The halogens

Question 12

What is the state and colour at room temperature of fluorine

Answer 12

• Yellow gas

Question 13

What is the state and colour at room temperature of chlorine

Answer 13

• Green gas

Question 14

What is the state and colour at room temperature of bromine

Answer 14

• Red brown liquid (and gas)

Question 15

What is the state and colour at room temperature of iodine

Answer 15

• Grey solid (and purple gas)

Question 16

What type of molecules do group 7 element form?

Answer 16

Diatomic molecules: Molecules made from two atoms (e.g F₂)

Question 17

Describe the trend in reactivity of the group 7 elements.

Answer 17

They get less reactive as you go down the group (opposite of group 1 elements).

Question 18

Explain why fluorine is more reactive than chlorine

Answer 18

• The outer shell/electrons are closer to the nucleus
• The outer shell/electrons have a stronger attraction to the nucleus
• Therefore it is easier to attract an electron to the outer shell

Question 19

What charge will a chlorine ion have? Explain your answer

Answer 19

-1

They gain an electron to fill their outer shell

Question 20

What type of bond is formed between a chlorine ion and a sodium ion.

Answer 20

An ionic bond (which is an electrostatic attraction)

Question 21

A more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from its salt. Complete the equation below and explain what happens:

sodium chloride + fluorine =>

Answer 21

• sodium fluoride + chlorine
• The flurine displaces the chlorine because it is more reactive

Question 22

What are the group 0 elements called?

Answer 22

The noble gases

Question 23

The group 0 elements are inert. What does INERT mean.

Answer 23

Unreactive

Question 24

Explain why the group 0 elements are inert (unreactive).

Answer 24

• Because they have a full outer shell of electrons.
• They have a stable electron structure/they are energetically stable.

Question 25

How were elements organised in early versions of the periodic table?

Answer 25

In order of atomic weight