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Earth Science test 3 > Groundwater > Flashcards

Groundwater Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hydraulic cycle 1-5

A
  • Evaporation
    *Transpiration
    *Precipitation
    *Infiltration
    *Runoff
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2
Q

How does precipitation enter the subsurface?

A

infiltration

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3
Q

What does infiltrated water add?

A

Moisture and Groundwater

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4
Q

What is the underground reservior?

A

Some infiltrated water percolates to a deeper leve

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5
Q

What is porosity?

A

Groundwater that resides in subsurface pore spaces

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6
Q

What are pores?

A

open spaces within any sediment or rock

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7
Q

What is the total volume of open space?

A

Porosity

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8
Q

What is permeability?

A

The ease of water flow due to poor interconnectedness

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9
Q

How do high and low permeable waters flow?

A

Highly=readily
Low=slowly

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10
Q

What is an aquifer?

A

sediment or rock that transmits water easily

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11
Q

Define confirmed and unconfirmed aquifers

A

Unconfined=intersects with surface, in contact with atmosphere, easily contaminated
Confined=Isolated from the surface, less susceptible to pollution

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12
Q

What is the water table and what is it filled with?

A

A subsurface boundary that is filled with air above(unsaturated zone) and filled with water below (saturated zone)

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13
Q

How does the water table react to the weather?

A

Humid=closer to surface
Arid=Hundreads of meters down

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14
Q

Where is the water table located?

A

Top of the zone of saturation

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15
Q

How does the water table position change with rainfall?

A

During rainy periods the table rises and during droughts it falls

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16
Q

What do lens-shaped aquitards prevent?

A

Downward infiltration to the regional water

17
Q

How does groundwater flow?

A

slowly under the influence of gravity

18
Q

What direction is flow in the unsaturated zone?

A

straight downward

19
Q

How is flow governed in the unsaturated zone?

A

gravity and pressure

20
Q

How does flow move in the hydraulic head?

A

high to low

21
Q

Are flow paths curved or straight?

A

curved

22
Q

What are two ways groundwater is obtained?

A

wells and springs

23
Q

what causes water table near the well to drop?

A

drawdown

24
Q

What does water table decline form?

A

A cone of depression

Earth Science test 3 (4 decks)

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