Groundwater

Question 1

What is Porosity?

Answer 1

Void Volume / Total Volume

Question 2

What is permeability?

Answer 2

• the capacity of rock/soil to allow fluid to pass through it

Question 3

What is porous rock?

Answer 3

a rock that holds water

Question 4

what is permeable rock?

Answer 4

a rock that allows water to flow easily through it

Question 5

what is impermeable rock?

Answer 5

a rock that does not allow water to flow through it easily

Question 6

Groundwater is formed by ______________

Answer 6

infiltration of rain water through soils

Question 7

what is aquifer?

Answer 7

A body of saturated rock or sediment through which water can move easily

Question 8

what is unconfined aquifer?

Answer 8

A body of material that has uniform permeability to the
surface in both recharge and discharge areas.

Question 9

what is confined aquifer?

Answer 9

a permeable unit that is bound above and below by
impermeable layers that restrict the flow of water

Question 10

what is aquitards?

Answer 10

compacted layers of clay, silt or rock that retard water flow
underground with <1% porosity

Question 11

what is aquicludes/aquifuge?

Answer 11

geological material through which zero flow occurs

Question 12

what is influent stream?

Answer 12

a stream that lies above the water table and may recharge the ground water

Question 13

what is effluent stream?

Answer 13

where groundwater discharges to the stream on surface

Question 14

what is Recharge?

Answer 14

the infiltration of water into subsurface materials

Question 15

what is Discharge?

Answer 15

the exit of groundwater to the surface

Question 16

Water flow in a confined aquifer is known as ________ flow and occurs under pressure

Answer 16

artesian

Question 17

A 4th order stream is formed when _______________

Answer 17

Two 3rd order streams combine

Question 18

Water extraction from groundwater aquifers should balance discharge with _____

Answer 18

recharge

Question 19

Fluid pressure in an aquifer is greatest at the ______________

Answer 19

base of the aquifer

Question 20

The water table is commonly a subdued replica of the land-surface topography. True or False?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The coefficient of permeability depend on

Answer 21

• material permeability
• fluid density
• fluid viscosity

Question 22

Excessive water removal from an aquifer can:

Answer 22

• cause the ground surface to sink
• compact reservoir material thus reducing its porosity
• cause influx of undesirable fluids

Question 23

When groundwater flows into a lake, it is called:

Answer 23

groundwater discharge