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P'ENG > GROUNDWATER > Flashcards

GROUNDWATER Flashcards

1
Q
  • IT IS THE LARGEST RESERVOIR OF FRESH WATER AVAILABLE TO HUMAN
A

GROUNDWATER

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2
Q

IMPORTANCE OF GROUNDWATER

A
  1. INVALUABLE SOURCE OF FRESH WATER FOR THE FFG:
    INDUSTRY
    AGRICULTURE
    HUMAN WELL-BEING
  2. IMPORTANT EROSIONAL AGENT- RESPONSIBLE FOR
    FORMATION OF SINKHOLES AND DOLINE.
  3. ACTS AS STORAGE OF METEORIC WATER DURING PRECIPITATION
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3
Q

DISTRIBUTION OF GROUND WATER

A

DIFFERENT ZONES

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4
Q

DIFFERENT ZONES

A
  1. ZONE OF SOIL MOISTURE- UPPERMOST LAYER OF
    SOIL WITH MOISTURE FROM METEORIC WATER.
  2. VADOSE ZONE (UNSATURATED ZONE)
    3 PHREATIC ZONE (SATURATED ZONE
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5
Q
  • IT IS THE UPPER LIMIT OF THE ZONE OF SATURATION
    (PHREATIC ZONE).
  • ITS CONFIGURATION DEPENDS FROM SEASON TO
    SEASON, AND ON THE AMOUNT OF PRECIPITATION
    THE AREA RECEIVES.
  • ITS SUBRSURFACE SHAPE IS A SUBDUED REPLICA OF
    THE SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY
A

THE WATER TABLE

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6
Q

FOR THIS TO OCCUR, THE ELEVATION OF THE
WATER TABLE MUST BE HIGHER THAN THE LEVEL OF THE SURFACE OF
THE STREAM.

A

GAINING STREAM

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7
Q

WHEN THIS HAPPENS, THE
ELEVATION OF THE WATER TABLE MUST BE LOWER THAN THE
SURFACE OF THE STREAM. CONNECTED TO THE GROUNDWATER
SYSTEM BY A CONTINUOUS SATURATED ZONE

A

LOSING STREAM (CONNECTED)

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8
Q

THEY CAN BE DISCONNECTED
FROM THE GROUNDWATER SYSTEM BY AN UNSATURATED ZONE.

A

LOSING STREAM (DISCONNECTED)

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9
Q
  • IT IS THE UPPER LIMIT OF THE SATURATION ZONE
  • DEPTH OF IT IS HIGHLY VARIABLE IN NATURE
A

THE WATER TABLE

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10
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING GROUND WATER MOVEMENT AND STORAG

A
  1. POROSITY
  2. PERMEABILITY
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11
Q

THE ABILITY OF A ROCK OF SEDIMENT TO HOLD AND
RETAIN WATER

A

POROSITY

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12
Q

REFERS TO THE ABILITY TO TRANSMIT FLUIDS.

A

PERMEABILITY

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13
Q

AN IMPERMEABLE LAYER THAT PREVENTS WATER MOVEMENT.

A

AQUITARDS

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14
Q

AN PERMEABLE ROCK STRATA OR SEDIMENT THAT CAN FREELY
TRANSMIT WATER.

A

AQUIFER

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15
Q

GROUND WATER MOVEMENT

A
  1. RECHARGE ZONE / AREA
  2. DISCHARGE ZONE / AREA
  3. DRAINAGE DIVIDE
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16
Q

GROUNDWATER EXTRACTION
COMMON METHOD FOR GW EXTRACTION IS THRU WELLS

A

DRAWDOWN -
CONE OF DEPRESSION -

17
Q
  • TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE LOWERING OF THE WATER
    TABLE SURROUNDING THE WELL WHENEVER WATER IS BEING EXTRACTED
    FROM IT
A

DRAWDOWN

18
Q

A CONICAL DEPRESSION IN THE WATER TABLE
CREATED BY DRAWING THE WATER OUT OF THE WELL.

A

CONE OF DEPRESSION

19
Q

OCCURS WHEN THE WATER
TABLE INTERSECTS EARTH’S SURFACE
CAUSING A NATURAL OUTFLOW OF
GROUNDWATER

A

SPRING

20
Q

WHEN GROUND WATER
BECOMES HEATED, AND EMERGES TO THE
SURFACE AS A NATURAL OUTFLOW WITH
A MUCH HIGHER TEMPERATURE THAN THE
MEAN AIR TEMP

A

HOT SPRINGS

21
Q

ARE INTERMITTENT HOT SPRINGS
OR FOUNTAINS IN WHICH COLUMNS OF
WATER ARE EJECTED WITH GREAT FORCE
AT VARIOUS INTERVALS, OFTEN RISING 30
TO 60 METERS (100 TO 200 FEET) INTO
THE AIR

A

GEYSERS

22
Q

forms where an aquitard is situated above the main water
table.

A

Perched water table

23
Q

any situation in which groundwater
under pressure rises above the level of the aquifer.

A

Artesian Systems

24
Q
  • at this location, the pressure
    surface is below ground level
A

Nonflowing artesian well

25
Q

when the pressure surface is
above the ground and a well is drilled into the aquifer.

A

Flowing artesian well

26
Q

like many of our other valuable natural resources,
groundwater is being exploited at an increasing rate. In some areas, overuse
threatens the groundwater supply. In other places, groundwater withdrawal has
caused the ground and everything resting on it to sink. Still other localities are
concerned with the possible contamination of the groundwater supply.

A

Environmental Problem

27
Q

groundwater dissolves rock. This fact is key to
understanding how caverns and sinkholes form. Because soluble rocks, especially
limestone, underlie millions of square kilometers of Earth’s surface, it is here that
the groundwater carries on its important role as an erosional agent. Limestone is
nearly insoluble in pure water but is quite easily dissolved by water containing small
quantities of carbonic acid, and most groundwater contains this acid. It forms
because rainwater readily dissolves carbon dioxide from the air and from decaying
plants. Therefore, when groundwater comes in contact with limestone, the
carbonic acid reacts with the calcite (calcium carbonate) in the rocks to form
calcium bicarbonate, a soluble material that is then carried away in solution.

A

Geologic Work of Groundwater

P'ENG (5 decks)

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