Ground Water/shorelines

Question 1

The unsaturated zone _____.

Answer 1

Lies above the water table

Question 2

The water table is _____.

Answer 2

A boundary between saturated rock below below and unsaturated rock above.

Question 3

A stream is said to be a losing streak when ______.

Answer 3

The channel bottom is above the water table.

Question 4

_____ are characteristics found in all good aquifers.

Answer 4

High porosity and high permeability.

Question 5

_____ is the volume of voids or open space in a rock or unconsolidated material.

Answer 5

Porosity

Question 6

An aquifer is ______.

Answer 6

A saturated, porous, and permeable layer of stratum.

Question 7

Excessive groundwater withdrawals can cause _____.

Answer 7

The water table drops or declines in elevation.

Question 8

An artesian well is one in which _____.

Answer 8

Water rises above the top of the aquifer without any pumping.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes how geysers erupt.

Answer 9

With a slight reduction in pressure, water in a saturated, natural conduit suddenly boils, sending a plume of steam and hot water into the air above the vent.

Question 10

Which common, rock-forming mineral or mineral group is most readily dissolved by ground water.

Answer 10

Calcite

Question 11

A disappearing (sinking) creek is______.

Answer 11

An influent steam in a karst area

Question 12

Most caves and caverns originate by solution of limestone.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

The water table separates the saturated and unsaturated zones.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Water infiltrates down to the water table from losing streams.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Porosity is a measure of the volume of open space in rocks and unconsolidated, geological materials like alluvium and soils.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Water-saturated muds have low permeabilities but can have greater porosities than well-cemented sandstones.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Permeability is the physical force that pushes water below the water table through porous, rock material.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Lowering of the water table around a pumping well results in a cone of infiltration.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

A geyser can erupt because the boiling temperature of water decreases with depth below the water table.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

After ice sheets and glaciers, _______ contain(s) the next highest percentage of earth’s freshwater.

Answer 20

Groundwater

Question 21

The height, length, and period of a wave depend upon ______.

Answer 21

• the of time the wind has blown
• the wind speed
• the fetch

Question 22

Which of the following is a landform created by erosion?

Answer 22

Sea arch

Question 23

A ______ is an isolated remnant of bedrock standing above a wave-cut platform.

Answer 23

Sea stack

Question 24

The presence of which one of the following would indicate that the land had been uplifted or that sea level had fallen?

Answer 24

Elevated marine terrace

Question 25

Which of the following is designed to prevent or retard shoreline erosion.

Answer 25

• groin
• beach nourishment
• sea wall

Question 26

The movement of sand parallel to the shore ______.

Answer 26

• is created by waves approaching at an oblique angle
• may create splits
• is achieved by longshore currents

Question 27

The zigzag movement of sand grains along a beach is ______.

Answer 27

• caused by obliquely breaking waves

- called beach drift

Question 28

The movement of water within the surf zone that parallels the shore is termed _______.

Answer 28

Longshore current