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mass wasting > GROUND WATER > Flashcards

GROUND WATER Flashcards

1
Q

Potable

A

drinkable

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2
Q

Infiltration

A

water going on the ground

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3
Q

Water Table

A

underground surface below which the ground is wholly saturated with water

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4
Q

Aquifer

A

a body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater

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5
Q

A sloping layer of permeable rock sandwiched by 2 layers of impermeable rock. Water is under pressure.

A

artesian formation

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6
Q

The combination of adhesion and cohesion that allows water to travel up small spaces

A

Capillary Action

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7
Q

a naturally formed underground chamber or series of chambers most commonly produced by dissolving limestone.

A

cavern

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8
Q

stored soil water is gone and the need for moisture is greater than the rainfall

A

deficit

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9
Q

a natural hot spring that occasionally sprays water and steam above ground

A

geyser

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10
Q

water that infiltrates the soil and is located in underground reservoirs called aquifers

A

groundwater

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11
Q

a type of landscape in rainy regions where there is limestone near the surface, characterized by caverns, sinkholes, and valleys

A

Karst topography

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12
Q

What forms when groundwater cools or evaporates?

A

Mineral deposit

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13
Q

a well that is dug or filled down to the water table

A

ordinary well

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14
Q

percentage of open spaces in a rock or sediment

A

porosity

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15
Q

the ability of a rock or sediment to let fluids pass through its open spaces, or pores

A

permeability

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16
Q

new water that enters the aquifer from the surface

A

recharge

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17
Q

a place where groundwater seeps out of the ground

A

spring

18
Q

the condition of having rainfall greater than the need for moisture when the soil is already saturated

A

Surplus

19
Q

the condition where plants draw water form the soil at times when the need for moisture is greater than the rainfall.

A

usage

20
Q

describes the income and the spending of water in a region

A

water budget

21
Q

characteristic of materials through which water does not easily pass, such as clay and granite

A

permeable

22
Q

completely filled

A

saturated

23
Q

region in ground where pore spaces are filled with air

A

zone of aeration

24
Q

region in ground where pore spaces are completely filled with water

A

zone of saturation

25
Q

region above the water table with water drawn up by capillary action

A

capillary ringe

26
Q

lowered area of a water table produced by pumping water from a well

A

cone of depression

27
Q

earth materials which do not allow the free movement of groundwater through it

A

aquifard

28
Q

the countries largest aquifer located under the high plains (CP Only)

A

olgalla

29
Q

where an aquitard creates a local zone of saturation above the main water table

A

perched water table

30
Q

The level that water in an artesian well will reach

A

pressured surface

31
Q

water that contains high amounts of minerals (as calcium and magnesium ions) that limit the formation of lather with soap

A

hard water

32
Q

The change of water from its gaseous form (water vapor) into liquid water

A

CONDENSATION

33
Q

The process by which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere by evaporation from the soil and other surfaces and by transpiration from plants.

A

evapotranspiration?

34
Q

The line where saturated and unsaturated layers meet.

A

WATR TABLE

35
Q

Is the movement of water, under the influence of gravity, from the upper part of the soil down through the pores to deeper horizons or underlying rocks.

A

PERCOLATION

36
Q

Is the portion of the precipitation that has been absorbed by the ground and has become part of the groundwater.

A

GROUNDWATERFLOW

37
Q

Is when there is more rainwater than the small detention hollows can hold, the water flows over the land as surface runoff.

A

OVERLAND FLOW

38
Q

Is the removal of water that falls as precipitation, via the network of streams and rivers.

A

RUNOFF

39
Q

Occurs when water enters a soil system faster than the soil can absorb or move it, such as when precipitation exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil.

A

Infiltration excess

40
Q

An aquifer that lies between two aquicludes and often obtains its groundwater from a distant area, where it eventually reaches the surface.

A

CONFINED AQUIFER

41
Q

An aquifer that is not separated from the ground surface by an aquiclude and obtains its groundwater from local infiltration; its upper boundary is the water table. Obtains its water from local infiltrations, as if the sponge were at the surface.

A

UNCONFINED AQUIFER

42
Q

Maximum amount of water that a soil can hold by capillary tension against the downward pull of gravity.

A

FIELD CAPACITY

mass wasting (2 decks)

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