ground school full course Flashcards
Pilots are interested in these items: (meteorology)
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Winds
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Visibility
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Clouds
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Barometric pressure
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Temperature
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Dew point
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Density altitude
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Precipitation
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Convective activity.
Two types of Winds
Surface Winds, Winds Aloft
When do surface winds affect the aircraft
Taxiing, takings off, final approach, landing
When do winds aloft affect the aircraft?
Everywhere not Taxiing, takings off, final approach, landing
What do aloft winds do?
Push plane off course, speed up, or slow down aircraft
What types of winds are direction?
Headwinds, Tail Winds, Cross winds.
What type of wind do you want for takeoff?
Headwinds
Why do you not want tailwinds during takeoff and landing?
Tailwinds can cause takeoff and landing to last longer
how many degrees are headwind and tail winds
45 degrees
Why are crosswinds more dangerous for smaller aircraft?
Because they are lighter meaning they are easier to push
how are wind forecasts and reports labeled
000 degrees -359 degrees
what types of visibility are there
VFR, IFR
What is VFR
Visual Flight Rules
What is IFR
Instrument Flight Rules
How Many cloud increments are there?
9
What is SKC
Skies Clear - 0/8
what is FEW
Few - 1/8 - 2/8 of the sky is covered in clouds
What is SCT
Scattered 3/8-4/8 of the sky is covered with clouds
What is BKN
Broken 5/8-7.8 of the sky is covered with clouds (this comes with a ceiling)
What is OVC
Overcast 8/8 of the sky is covered with clouds, (this comes with a ceiling)
Where is the ceiling for clouds
The altitude at the bottom of the cloud layer
What is Barimetric Pressure
How much the atmosphere weighs
what is the measurement of barometric pressure?
inches of mercury
What is the sea level barometric pressure
29.92 inches of mercury
Why do you need to know the barometric pressure
if you don’t properly set the altimeter, it will have the wrong altitude.
What is the transition altitude
18,000 ft Mean Sea Level
What is AGL
Above Ground Level
What is MSL
Mean Sea Level
Why is tempeture important when flying
because hot air is less dense and cold air is more dense
What is Dew Point
The temperature that dew is formed
What is density Altitude
The adjusted altitude based upon the barometric pressure
Why is density altitude important
in higher elevations density altitude has a more serious impact on the performance because the air is less dense
What are the three major factors in air density
Pressure, temperature, humidity
How do precipitation/ice affect the aircraft
reduces visibility and friction causing landings and takeoffs to take longer
can you fly over a thunderstorm
yes if you wish to die. all aircraft must avoid lightning at all costs
what weather reports would you use when making a flight plan
METAR Reports, TAF Forecast, Weather Charts
What are METAR reports
meteorological reports
What are TAF forcasts
Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts not as reliable as METAR reports because they are only forecasts.
What is jet stream
a fast wind pattern
why is jet stream important
it can speed you up or slow you down
What is CG
Center of Gravity
Why is CG important
keeping the plane level
What are the four types of weights
Empty Weight, Useful Load, Gross Weight, Zero Fuel Weight
What is empty weight
Airplane Weight before adding fuel, people, cargo, oil, etc
what is useful load
the weight of the aircrew, passenger cargo fuel, and oil
What is gross weight
empty weight + useful load
what is zero fuel weight
the gross weight minus fuel
What are the four forces of flight
Thrust
Drag
Lift
Gravity
What is thrust
Makes the plane go forward
what is drag
slows the airplane down
what is lift
what makes the airplane fly
what is gravity
what makes the airplane fall
what creates lift
the airfoil (wing)
what is a stall
when the airfoil loses lift cause the aircraft to start falling. it has nothing to do with the engine
What are the three axis of control
Roll, Pitch, Yaw
what Axis is longitudinal
roll
what axis is Lateral
Pitch
What Axis is Vertical
Yaw
What controls yaw
the rudder
What is trim used for
controlling small surfaces so the pilot can hold pressure
What are the four kinds of airspeeds
Indicated, Calibrated, True, Ground
What is IAS
Indicated Airspeed what the indicator says your going
What is CAS calibrated airspeed
airspeed corrected for instrument and position errors
what is TAS
True Airspeed how fast you are actually moving in the air
what is GS
Ground Speed how fast you are moving over the ground
What is the default squad code
1200
what is the defual EU squad code
7000
what is the squad for radio failure
7600
what is the emergency squak
7600
what is the squak for hijacking
7500
What is the VFR minimums for class b airspace
3 statute miles
Clear of Clouds
what is the VFR minimum for class c airspace
3 statute miles
500 feet below 1,000 feet above 2,000 feet horizontal
what is the VFR Minimum for Class E airspace
3 statute miles
500 feet below 1,000 feet above 2,000 feet horizontal
what is the VFR Minimum at or above 10,000 feet
5 statute miles
1,000 feet below 1,000 feet above 1 statute mile horizontal
What is the day VFR minimums
1 statute mile
500 feet below 1,000 feet above 2,000 feet horizontal
What are the VFR Minimums for Night
3 statute miles
500 feet below 1,000 feet above 2,000 feet horizontal
what are the VFR requirements for More than 1,200 feet above the surface and at or above 10,000 feet MSL.
5 statute miles
1,000 feet below 1,000 feet above 1 statute mile horizontal
What altitudes MSL do you fly when magnetic courses are 0-179º
odd thousands +500
What altitudes MSL do you fly when magnetic courses are 180-359º
Even thousands plus 500
How many classifications of airspace are there
5 Class A-E
What is an aircraft conflict/Mode c intruder alert
when another aircraft is in an unsafe proximity
What is Class A airspace
18000 ft MSL and within ATC
What is Class B airspace
0-10,000 ft MSL and at a major airport
What is Class C airspace
0-4000 ft above air airport surrounding airports
class d airspace
0-2500 ft above airports no person may operate aircraft in class d airspace within 4 NM of the airport over 200 knots
What is class E airspace
controlled airspace that is not an airport before 14,500 feet MSL
What is the most dangerous part of flight
takeoffs - during takeoff you will find out if there is a problem with your plane
What are the 6 parts to a traffic pattern
upwind leg, cross wind leg, downwind leg, mid field downwind, base leg, final led (landing)
what is upwind leg
the first leg of the pattern right after takeoff until you turn crosswind,
What is crosswind leg?
once you takeoff you will turn left 90º from the runway heading
What is downwind leg
when you are away from the runway you will turn left 90º from your crosswind
What is mid-field downwind
as you fly past the middle of the landing runway, look at your touchdown point
What is base leg
once you are about 45º past your touchdown point, turn left from your downwind heading
What is final leg
when you land
what is the most important tool in your aircraft
the checklist
what are the three parts of flight planning
pre flight
execution of flight
post flight
What acronym does the ATC use for IFR flights
C
R
A
F
T
what is C for IFR
authorized clearence
what is R for IRF
Cleared route
what is A for IRF
initial and final cruise altitude
what is F for IRF
Frequency
what is T for IRF
Transponder code
