Ground Handeling And Servicing

Question 1

Name atleast 3 possible hazards that may be encountered during typical ground operations such as engine run up or taxi

Answer 1

Possibility of fire, especially on engine start
Turning props, rotors, prop or jet blast and inlet areas
Other aircraft, vehicles, people, and obstacles
Foreign objects
High noise level causing hearing damage
Hydraulic lock in radial engines
Weathervaning of tail wheel aircraft

Question 2

What is the most generally used knot for tying down small aircraft?

Answer 2

Bowline knot (although other slipknots may be used)

Question 3

What knot is typically used when securing aircraft with rope?

Answer 3

Bowline knot

Question 4

Describe the precautions that should be taken to protect life and property while starting and running an aircraft engine

Answer 4

STUDY THE PROCEDURES IN THE AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL
Check prop or inlet area for FOD
Ensure that prop or jet blast doesn’t blow into hangars or other aircraft
Have fireguard ready

Question 5

What are the safety requirements when starting and running a power plant?

Answer 5

Use correct checklist
Position aircraft into the wind
Check prop blast area
Secure external power cart
Use a fireguard

Question 6

If an engine induction fire occurs while starting a reciprocating engine, what procedure should be followed to extinguish the fire?

Answer 6

Continue cranking the engine to try and suck the fire out

If cranking the engine does not work, extinguish fire using carbon dioxide

Question 7

What safety procedures must be observed when hand propping a small aircraft engine?

Answer 7

Become thoroughly trained
Have a qualified person in cockpit
Check brakes
Call “switch off” before moving the prop
Make sure to have sound footing
Swing prop with the flat of your hand and move back from prop arc

Question 8

What procedure should be followed prior to starting a large radial engine to detect and/or prevent a hydraulic lock in the cylinders?

Answer 8

Pull the prop through by hand for 3-4 complete revolutions

Resistance to the prop turning indicates a possible hydraulic lock in atleast one of the cylinders

Question 9

What is the cause of hydraulic lock in large radial engines?

Answer 9

Oil seeps by the piston rings and accumulates in the combustion chamber of lower cylinders
When a piston comes up on its combustion stroke the incompressible liquid seizes it.

Question 10

What is “hot start” when starting a jet engine?

Answer 10

Ignition occurs with an excessively rich mixture, leading to a rapid temperature rise that can exceed the exhaust gas temperature limit

Question 11

When towing a large aircraft with a tow tractor what brakes should be used to stop aircraft?

Answer 11

Always use tractor brakes unless for an emergency

Question 12

Why should aircraft technician become familiar with standard light signals?

Answer 12

Light signals may be used when taxiing an aircraft without a radio or when radio becomes inoperative on a tower controlled airport

Question 13

What may result if aviation gasoline that is contaminated with jet fuel is used in a reciprocating engine?

Answer 13

Unsafe for use and will result in engine failure

Question 14

What does the number 100 signify in 100LL aviation gasoline?

Answer 14

Octane rating or lean mixture performance number

Question 15

What color is low lead 100 dyed?

Answer 15

Blue

Question 16

Describe the system used to designate performance rating of aviation gasoline

Answer 16

Fuels below 100, octane numbers are used

Fuels above 100 the numbers represent the performance rating of the fuel compared to 100% iso octane

Question 17

Is it permissible to use AVGAS in a turbine engine?

Answer 17

Limited operation may be allowed by manufacturer

Continued use may reduce efficiency due to lead deposits on the turbine blades

Question 18

What is the result of mixing aviation gasoline with jet fuel in a turbine engine?

Answer 18

When avgas is mixed with jet fuel, the tetra ethyl lead in the gasoline will form deposits on turbine blades and vanes
Continued use of mixed fuel may cause a loss in engine efficiency
No detrimental effect on engine as long as usage is limited

Question 19

What are some of the possible outcomes of using a lower grade of AVGAS than the specified grade?

Answer 19

Increased chance of engine damage due to detonation
Loss of engine power
Increased probability of overheating

Question 20

Part 23.973 of the FAA regulations specifies that certain markings must be placed adjacent to fuel filler openings.
What markings are used for reciprocating engine powered airplanes

Answer 20

Fuel grade and the word “AVGAS”

Question 21

The marking requirements for oil tank filler openings are specified by FAR 23.1157
What markings are required for a piston powered airplane?

Answer 21

The word OIL and the permissible grades and/or types or a reference to the appropriate airplane flight manual for permissible grades/types

Question 22

Describe the important precautions that should be observed when fueling an aircraft

Answer 22

Using correct fuel
Properly ground aircraft and refueling unit
Protect the aircraft surfaces from hose and nozzle damage

Question 23

Why must aircraft and fuel tanks be grounded with a grounding cable?

Answer 23

To eliminate build up of static electricity that could result in an explosion

Question 24

Where can the standard aircraft taxi hand signals be found?

Answer 24

Aeronautical information manual (AIM)

Question 25

What publication lists the standard FAA hand signals a taxi signalmen should use?

Answer 25

FAA airman’s information manual

Question 26

Under what conditions should an engine be pre-oiled?

Answer 26

Prior to starting a new engine or one that has been preserved for storage
Ensures adequate lubrication on initial start up

Question 27

Under what conditions may automobile gasoline be used in an aircraft engine?

Answer 27

Only if approved by the FAA usually by the issuance of a supplemental type certificate (STC)

Question 28

What are indications of water in aircraft fuel after draining a sample from the fuel sumps?

Answer 28

Sample may have a cloudy or hazy appearance or a solid slug of water

Question 29

What damage is most likely to occur if excessive force is exerted on the crankshaft when there is liquid lock?

Answer 29

The force can bend or break a connecting rod or permanently damage the cylinder

Question 30

What are the functions of tetra ethyl lead in AVGAS?

Answer 30

To lubricate and reduce detonation

Question 31

What are safety precautions when using a drill press?

Answer 31

Wear ear/eye protection
Clamp work piece securely
Adjust for proper rpm
Stop machine completely before adjusting work piece
Clean area when finished

Question 32

Why is a tire cage recommended when inflating tires?

Answer 32

To prevent possible personal injury should the tire or wheel fail

Question 33

What type of fire can carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguisher be used on?

Answer 33

Class A/B/C type fires