ground control Flashcards
What is a tower cab?
the area of control responsibility (delegated airspace and/or airport surface areas) of the tower team, and the team as a whole.
What are the tower positions?
local control, ground control and clearance delivery
What are the responsibilities of Ground Control? (Hint : 7 things)
.Ensuring separation of aircraft/vehicles on movement areas, other than Active runways
.Processing and forwarding flight plan info
-activating the alarm for emergencies and advising emergency equipment of information received.
.Monitoring and operating radio and interphones
.Utilizing tower radar (if equipped)
.assisting the Tower team in any manner needed; scanning, coordination, situational objectives
.Completing stripmarking
What service does ground control provide?
provide air traffic control service based only upon observed or known traffic and airport conditions
In order for ground control to allow an aircraft or vehicle to pass an active runway, what must happen first?
Ground control must obtain approval from local control before authorizing an aircraft or a vehicle to cross or use any portion of an active runway. The coordination must include point intersection at the runway where the operation will occur.
What is the proper phraseology for telling a pilot or driver to cross a runway?
CROSS (RUNWAY) AT (POINT/INTERSECTION)
What must a ground controller do once an aircraft or vehicle has crossed the runway?
The ground controller must advise the local controller when the coordinated runway operation is complete.
Coordination between local and ground controllers. Why? How is this accomplished?
Local and ground controllers must exchange information as necessary for the safe and efficient use of airport runways and movement areas. This may be accomplished via verbal means, flight progress strips, other written information, or automation displays.
When departing aircraft has been taxied to a runway other than the previously designated as active, who does ground control need to contact?
local
What must ground control do once an aircraft reaches the end of there taxi and is ready for takeoff? How is this communicated?
Ground control must notify local control of any aircraft taxied to an intersection for takeoff. This notification may be accomplished by verbal means or by flight progress strips.
What authorizes vehicles, equipment, and personnel to operate up to the edge of an active runway surface when necessary?
When vehicles, equipment, and personnel are in direct communications with the control tower
How do you describe vehicles, equipment, or personnel on or near the movement area to pilots?
In a manner that will help assist the pilots in recognizing them.
Ie: mower left of runway two seven
What must ground control do prior to issuing taxi instructions or take off clearance?
You must first determine the position of the aircraft
What are the three way you can determine an aircraft’s position?
The aircraft’s position may be determined visually by the controller, by pilots or through the use of the ASDE.
______ must assist____ in visually scanning runways, especially when runways are in close proximity to other movement areas.
ground control must assist local control in visually scanning runways, especially when runways are in close proximity to other movement areas.
What must a ground controller do in order to approve or disapprove the movement of aircraft, vehicles, equipment, or personnel on the movement area?
Issue specific instrictions
Do not issue _____ that are dependent upon the movement of an arrival aircraft on or approaching the runway or a departure aircraft established on a takeoff roll.
conditional instruction
What kind of instruction is this:
“Taxi/proceed Across Runway Three-Six behind departing/landing Citation.”
conditional instruction
What word are you not allowed to use in conjunction with authorization for aircraft to taxi or equipment/vehicle/personnel operations.
Cleared
What types of prefix would you use, for aircraft instructions?
What types of prefix would you use, for equipment/vehicles/personnel.
- “taxi, proceed, or hold”
2. “proceed or hold”
Who may initiate intersection departures?
A controller may initiate intersection departures or a controller may authorize an intersection departure if a pilot requests.
____ or___ must be given directions to hold short of a specific runway at a specific point.
Taxiing aircraft or vehicles
In relation to taxi and ground movement operations
How do you issue the route for aircraft/ vehicle to follow on the movement area?
Issue the route in concise and easy to understand terms.
What must be included in a taxi clearance?
the specific route to follow
When a taxi clearance to a runway is issued to an aircraft, what must you need to confirm?
confirm the aircraft has the correct runway assignment.
If its your intent to hold the aircraft/vehicle short of a given point along the taxi route, what must you do?
issue the route and then state the holding instructions.
What does the absence of holding instructions authorize to the aircraft/vehicle?
The absence of holding instructions authorizes an aircraft/vehicle to cross all taxiways that intersect the taxi route.
True or false: AIRCRAFT/VEHICLES MUST RECIEVE A CLEARANCE FOR EACH RUNWAY THEIR ROUTE CROSS
TRUE
Is it required for an aircraft/vehicle to cross a previous runway before another runway crossing clearance may be issued?
yes
If runway hold short instructions are not received from the pilot/vehicle operator, what must the controller request?
The controller must request a read back of runway hold short instructions
What does a facility directive include?
A facility directive will include procedures for the use of memory aids and designate when they are to be used.
What are some example of memory aids?
memory aids may be lights, an aural alarm when a frequency is keyed or even a simple sign placed across a strip holder.
True or false? Memory aids can indicate if an aircraft or vehicle is on or near a runway?
true
Is the use of memory aids mandatory, if they are set up for runway operation?
yes
What memory aid is used at AAC ATCT? What is the purpose?
AAC ATCT uses a strip as a memory aid. It is passed from GC to LC when an approval is given for GC to cross and active runway. The memory aid is returned to GC when the crossing is complete.
Is it true that taxiing aircraft or vehicles must be given directions to hold short of a specific runway at a specific point?
yes
Give a few examples of hold short instructions for a specific runway at a specific point
“Airport 1 proceed on Bravo hold short of runway 34.”
“Hold position”
“Continue Taxiing vai Bravo, follow the Cessna ahead, cross runway one six.”
local (Tower) and Ground control must exchange information as necessary for the safe, efficient use of the runways and movement areas. How is this accomplished?
- verbal means via landline or simply speaking to nearby controller.
- flight progress strips or other written means.
- Automation, lighted button, tilted strip holder, aural alarm.
GC must notify LC: Hint 3 things
- when a departing aircraft is taxied to a runway other than one previously designated as active
- when an aircraft is taxied to an intersection for takeoff
- of an aircraft or vehicle’s location before releasing the A/C to LC when the runways are NOT visible from the tower
Ground must obtain approval from LC ____ authorizing an aircraft or vehicle to cross or use any portion of an active runway.
before
Local must verbally specify the runway ___ intercsection when the operation will occur, and proceed the word “___”
before, and , cross
Looking at this conversation who is giving the statement and who is receiving it?
- ” cross runway 16 at bravo with a gulfstream?”
- “cross runway 16 at bravo”
once the runway crossing is finished:
3. “runway 16 crossing complete
- GC to LC
- LC to GC
- GC to LC
When GC request a runway crossing from LC, the memory aid will be passed to LC. What does the possession of the memory aid indicate?
no ownership of the runway
What happen when the GC informs LC the crossing is complete?
the memory aid is returned to GC. The ownership of the runway is back in LC hands
At AAC all runways are always active. True or False?
True
What does an active runway indicate?
LC owns it and may use it for tower operations.
What does an inactive runway indicate?
An inactive runway is owned by GC and local must make a request to GC before using an inactive runway.
Is blanket crossing approvals permitted?
no
Aircraft crossing a runway must be in direct communication with either GC or LC- on what?
on their frequency
Is there absolute divisions of responsibilities regarding position operations?
no
Will the task be the same or different depending on how many people are working positions within the tower cab?
the task will remain the same.
Who has responsibility regarding the safe an efficient operation of that tower cab?
The team as a whole has responsibility regarding the safe an efficient operation.
In the event of an error/ deviation, is the team held responsible for the action of an individual member?
no
When issuing taxi instructions to expedite a taxiing aircraft or a moving vehicle, what is the proper phraseology?
- Taxi without delay (traffic if necessary).
2. Exit/proceed/cross (runway/taxiway) without delay.
In reference to wake turbulence avoid clearance which require?
(hint: 2 items)
a. Super or heavy aircraft to use greater than normal taxiing power.
b. Small aircraft or helicopters to taxi in close proximity to taxiing or hover-taxi helicopters.
In relation to the use of active runways
GC must notify LC:
- when a departing aircraft is taxied to a runway other than one previously designated as active.
- when an aircraft is taxied to an intersection for takeoff.
- Of an aircraft or vehicle’s location before releasing the A/C to L/C when the runways are NOT visible from the tower.
Ground control must use ___ control of all vehicles and aircraft operating on the taxiways.
positive control
Do Not use the word ___ for ground movement; use ___, ____ or ___.
do not use “cleared”
use : proceed, taxi or hold short.
intersection departures may be initiated by ___ or requested by ___
initiated by GC or requested by pilot
When distance remaining is requested by the pilot. GC should?
GC should issue it rounded to the nearest 50 feet.
What must you issue aircraft on the ground in order to protect the signals (integrity) of the ILS or other precision approach?
Aircraft on the ground must be instructed to “ Hold short of the ILS (MLS) Critical Area, whenever the weather conditions are less than ceiling of 800 feet or visibility 2 sm.
When protecting the ILS Critical Area what must you not do?
Do not allow aircraft or vehicles into the protected area when an arriving aircraft is inside the OM- Outer Marker; unless the arrival has the airport insight.
Issue progressive taxi/ground movement instructions when:
1.
2.
3.
- a pilot/operator requests
- the specialist deems it necessary due to traffic or field conditions. IE: construction or closed runways
- Necessary during reduced visibility, especially when the taxi route is not visible from the tower.
What may be included in progressive instructions?
step by step directions and/or directional turns.
When referencing to helicopters:
what is a ground taxi?
when a wheeled helicopter or VTOL taxis with its wheels; this uses less fuel
When referencing to helicopters:
What is Hover Taxi?
HOVER TAXI- Used to describe a helicopter/VOTL aircraft movement conducted above the surface and in ground effect at airspeeds less than approximately 20 knots. the actual height may vary, and some helicopters may require hover taxi above 25 feet AGL to reduce ground effect turbulence or provide clearance for cargo slingloads.
When referencing to helicopters:
What is Air taxi?
is this a preferred method?
100 feet AGL or below at speeds above 20 knots.
yes, this is a preferred method
What should ATC avoid with single piloted helicopters near the ground?
ATC should avoid frequency changes to single piloted helicopters near the ground
Which runway is designated as a calm wind runway?
RWY 28 L/R
what runway is closed to All Heavy jet operations, closed to all aircraft 2300-0700 local time?
RWY 16/34
Large and heavy jet departure maintain a runway heading until
1,500 feet msl before starting turns
Turbojets should be directed to at least
a 3 mile final
Define runway incursion
a runway incursion is any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in loss of separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing, or intending to land.
Runway incursions generally occur at complex, high-volume airports characterized by: (hint: 4 things)
- parallel/intersecting runways
- multiple runway/taxiway intersections
- complex taxi patterns
- need for traffic to cross active runways
