Ground Flashcards

Question

Why does Va change with weight?

Answer 1

- Aircraft weight affects the Angle of Attack (AOA) you fly at to maintain level flight - At the same speed and configuration, a heavier aircraft needs to fly at a higher angle of attack to produce enough lift to counter the aircraft's weight in level flight - With a heavier aircraft, your AOA in cruise is closer to the critical AOA, causing you to stall at a faster airspeed - A lighter aircraft will have more degrees of AOA to increase before it encounters the critical AOA, causing you to stall at a lower airspeed

Answer 2

- You can select the RPM you want for a given situation - The propeller's blade pitch is changed hydraulically, using engine oil

Answer 3

1. The governor moves oil back & forth through the prop hub to change the pitch 2. Flyweights are "L" shaped, spin in a circle & are connected to the engine 3. Engine speeds up the weights spin faster & fly outward due to centrifugal force 4. Engine slows, the weights fall in from the pressure of the speeder spring 5. Puling the lever back RPMs are decreased, flyweights fall out, lifting the valve, & oil moves into the prop hub increasing blade angle to a course pitch slowing down the engine 6. Lever is moved forward, RPMs increase, flyweights fall in, lowering the valve, oil moves out, decreasing blade angle to a fine pitch & speeding up the engine

Answer 4

- Reduced or not enough oxygen 1. Hypoxic Hypoxia: Not enough oxygen to the body as a whole. Blocked airway, drowning, or partial pressure at high altitudes. 2. Hypemic Hypoxia: Blood unable to take up and transport a sufficient amount of oxygen to the cells. CO poisoning, severe bleeding, or anemia. 3. Stagnant Hypoxia: Oxygen-rich blood in the lungs not moving. Restricted artery or experiencing G's. 4. Histotoxic Hypoxia: Inability of cells to effectively use oxygen. Caused by alcohol, drugs, or narcotics.

Answer 5

- Euphoria (care-free feeling) - Cyanosis (Bluish nails & lips) - Headache - Drowsiness - Numbness - Impaired judgment

Answer 6

- Unable to see passengers since I'm flying the a/c - My crew and I are educated on hypoxia recognition

Answer 7

- Flying at higher altitudes consumes less fuel for a given airspeed, more efficient, & avoiding bad WX - The cabin, flight compartment, baggage compartments are incorporated into a sealed unit capable of containing air under pressure 1. Ambient air is introduced into a compressor (A/C engine) 2. Air is compressed & heats up rapidly 3. Heated air is sent through a cooling unit 4. Through ducting air is introduced into the cabin 5. Overflow & outflow valves regulate how quickly air is released into the cabin 6. Air enters the cabin quicker that it is being released (creates a high pressure environment)

Answer 8

Rapid: Lungs decompress quicker than the cabin Explosive: Changer in cabin pressure faster than the lungs can decompress - Emergency descent below 10000 ft.

Answer 9

- At flight altitudes above flight level 250 unless at least a 10-minute supply of supplemental oxygen - Above FL350: When flying above 35,000 feet, at least one pilot must wear and use an oxygen mask that provides a continuous oxygen supply or one that automatically supplies oxygen if the cabin pressure exceeds 14,000 feet (MSL). - Exception at or below FL410: Between FL350 and FL410 (35,000 to 41,000 feet), if there are two pilots at the controls, they do not need to continuously wear oxygen masks. However, they must have quick-donning oxygen masks, which can be secured on their face with one hand within 5 seconds. These masks must properly supply oxygen when needed.

Answer 10

- "Never-exceed speed" and is the maximum speed an aircraft should not exceed under any circumstances - You can go that fast in smooth air during a depressurization event

Answer 11

Anywhere: An altitude allowing, if a power unit fails, an emergency landing without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface. Over congested areas: Over any congested area of a city, town, or settlement, or over any open air assembly of persons, an altitude of 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of 2,000 feet of the aircraft. Over other than congested areas: An altitude of 500 feet above the surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure.

Answer 12

Except holding in a holding pattern of 2 minutes or less, or while turning, each person operating an aircraft under VFR in level cruising flight more than 3,000 feet above the surface shall maintain the appropriate altitude or flight level prescribed below, unless otherwise authorized by ATC: When operating below 18,000 feet MSL and— 1. On a magnetic course of zero degrees through 179 degrees, any odd thousand foot MSL altitude + 500 feet (such as 3,500, 5,500, or 7,500) 2. On a magnetic course of 180 degrees through 359 degrees, any even thousand foot MSL altitude + 500 feet (such as 4,500, 6,500, or 8,500) When operating above 18,000 feet MSL, maintain the altitude or flight level assigned by ATC "NE-ODD & SW-EVEN"

Answer 13

1. Confess 2. Circle 3. Climb 4. Communicate 5. Conserve

Answer 14

- An AIRMET (AIRman's METeorological Information) advises of weather that maybe hazardous, other than convective activity, to single engine, other light aircraft, and Visual Flight Rule (VFR) pilots. AIRMET Sierra (IFR): Ceilings less than 1000 feet and/or visibility less than 3 miles affecting over 50% of the area at one time. Extensive mountain obscuration. AIRMET Tango (Turbulence): Moderate turbulence Sustained surface winds of 30 knots or more at the surface AIRMET Zulu (Icing): Moderate icing & Freezing levels Valid for 6 hours

Answer 15

- Altitude because as air density decreases, so does pressure and temperature. This can impact aircraft performance, as aircraft are typically designed for standard atmospheric conditions at sea level - At higher altitudes, there is more space between air molecules. This means that the number of gas molecules in a cubic meter of air decreases as altitude increases

Answer 16

- External influences that create a sense of pressure to complete the flight, often at the expense of safety - A passenger a pilot doesn't want to disappoint - Impressing others "watch this" - Get-there-itis

Answer 17

- Follow SOPs - Manage passenger expectations - Eliminate pressure to return home

Answer 18

- Parasite drag is simply caused by the aircraft's shape, construction-type, and material. For instance, an airplane with a rough surface creates more parasite drag than one with a smooth surface. Skin Friction Drag: is the result of the aircraft's surface being rough Form Drag: is the result of an object's general shape in relation to the relative wind. The a/c shape causes drag. Interference Drag: is generated by the mixing of airflow streamlines between airframe components such as the wing and the fuselage or the landing gear strut and the fuselage.

Answer 19

- Induced drag is created as a result of lift Air flows from high to low pressure. This means that the high-pressure air on the bottom of the wing desperately wants to go to the low-pressure side on top of the wing. And where is the easiest place for the high-pressure to join its low-pressure friend? The wingtips! This results in swirling air masses known as wingtip vortices. Think of them as mini tornadoes spiraling off the tips of your wings. The energy spent creating these vortices is energy that doesn’t contribute to forward movement, leading to drag on the aircraft – induced drag.

Answer 20

Induced drag is most prominent at low speeds, whereas parasite drag becomes more significant as speed rises At lower speeds, a higher angle of attack is required to generate the same amount of lift, resulting in stronger wingtip vortices which create more downwash, ultimately causing a greater induced drag force Parasite drag increases as airspeed increases because the force of air resistance acting on an aircraft's surface, including skin friction and form drag

Answer 21

By moving your CG forward and aft, you change the amount of tail down force and lift you need for stable flight. Forward CG Summary: - More stable (longitudinal stability) - Less fuel efficient (more drag) - Higher stall speed (higher Angle of Attack) - Good stall recovery characteristics Aft CG Summary: - Less stable (longitudinal stability) - More fuel efficient (less drag) - Lower stall speed - Bad stall recovery characteristics

Answer 22

Night Vision Autokinesis False Horizons Blackhole Effect CFIT