Gross structure and function of the human muscular system Flashcards
What gene is important to develop our limb?
Sonic gene
From day 28-29 we have sonic gene
Sonic gene helps to develop our limbs, nerve supply, all things needed to develop movement with our muscles.
At the front, upper limb only all flexes are on front
Ones on top of flexes are biceps.
For back, all flexes are below. This is because when we develop in womb, everything is crossed over ontop of each other.
After everything opens and unwraps.
How many muscles are found in our body?
We have 650-700 muscles in our body.
What is the muscular system?
What are the functions of the muscles?
What does the associated connective tissue do?
- Consists of muscles that contract to move parts of the body;
- Muscles can move the limbs and trunk, and internal organs;
- Muscles also give shape to the body and provide heat;
- Associated connective tissue binds muscle fibres together and conveys vessels and nerves.
What are the different types of muscles
On image
Describe the structure of the 3 types of muscles
On image
Describe the structure of skeletal muscle
- Consists of bundles of elongated cylindrical cells called muscle fibres
- Muscle fibres(myofibres):
- are multinucleated,
- Contain a number of myofibrils
- A tendon is attachment from muscle directly to bone.
- In myofibres, calcium troponium link.
- Recap this area –cross section of muscle
Define origin, insertion, Muscle belly, Tendon and Aponeurosis
i. Attachments
1. Origin-where muscle starts to grow
2. Insertion –where it inserts
ii. Muscle belly-middle bit
iii. Tendon-attachment to bone
iv. Aponeurosis-connective tissue between bone, it reinforces sheet of muscles, allows movement of bone. Allows movement of eyebrows-connects tissue to scalp. If you flex your arm, and you flex, you can fell bicep moving and the aponeurosis which allows you to do this.
What is the origin of hamstring muscles?
Origin for hamstring muscle, ischium tub(bottom).
Ischium tuberosity-pointy bottom. It is the origin for our hamstring muscles.
Then they all insert on the lateral aspects-tendon sheath underneath.
What are the 3 hamstring muscles?
Locate these
- Semitendinosus.
- Semimembranosus.
- Biceps femoris.
Where do the bicep muscles articulate?
Locate the muscle belly, tendon and aponeurosis
Top of biceps insets into arm of rotator cuffs, allowing you to rotate arm.
Bicep attaches on that cavity, allow movement, it is shallow can dislocate easily, compared to hips.
Describe the function of tendons
Attach muscle to bone; Allow muscle bulk to be situated away from its site of action; Can withstand compression; Allow muscles to pull “round corners.” Reserve energy /resist heat
What are the different ways of classifying muscles?
Muscles can be described by: • the orientation of the muscle fibres • their action • their shape • their position in the body • the number of heads (proximal attachments)
What are the different muscle types?
The orientation of the muscle fibres:
Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate
What are the different muscle types?
Strap muscles keep neck and throat up, if strap muscles go, you lose airway and breathing.
These muscles keep everything up.
Circular muscles are around your eyes and lips.
Fusiform, within hand and palm, you have aponeurosis. If you look at your own palm, make bear claw, you see your flexor tendons coming into fingers.
The tendons are tough. This is the fusiform,
Define agonists and antagonists
Give some examples
Biceps and triceps
Quadriceps and hamstrings
