Gross Motor Skills

Question 1

0-1 month

Answer 1

• Prone: physiological flexion, lifts head briefly, head to side
• Supine: Physiological flexion, rolls partly to side
• Sitting: head lag in pull to sit
• Standing: reflex standing and walking

Question 2

2-3 months

Answer 2

• Prone: Lifts head 90 degrees briefly, chest up, some weight through forearms, rolls prone to supine
• Supine: ATNR Strong, reciprocal kicking, prefers head to side
• Sitting: head upright/bobbing, variable head lag in pull to sit, needs full support to sit
• Standing: poor weight bearing, hips in flexion, behind shoulders

Question 3

4-5 months

Answer 3

• Prone: extended arms, pivot prone to play/toys
• Supine: rolls supine to side, feet to mouth
• Sitting: head steady, supported sit, turns head, sits alone briefly
• Standing: bears all weight through legs, supported stand

Question 4

6-7 months

Answer 4

• Prone: roll supine to prone, holds weight in one hand to reach toy
• Supine: lifts head
• Sitting: lifts head/helps when pulled to sit, can get to sit without assistance, sits independently
• Mobility: crawl backwards

Question 5

8-9 months

Answer 5

• Prone: hands/knees position
• Supine: doesn’t tolerate
• Sitting: sitting to prone, no hand support for long periods, pivots in sitting
• Standing: stands at furniture, pull to stand, lowers to sitting
• Mobility: crawl forward, cruising (with furniture)

Question 6

10-11 months

Answer 6

• Standing: briefly without support, pulls to stand with half-kneel, picks up object from floor with support
• Mobility: walks with both hands held/one hand held, creeps on hands and feet (bear walk)

Question 7

12-15 months

Answer 7

• Walks without support
• Fast walking
• Walks sideways
• Bends over to look between legs
• Creeps/hitches upstairs
• Throws ball in sitting

Question 8

16-24 months

Answer 8

• squats in play
• walks backwards
• stairs with one hand held, both feet on steps
• propels ride-on toys
• kicks ball
• throws ball/forward
• pick up toy from floor without falling

Question 9

2 years

Answer 9

• Rides tricycle
• Walks on tiptoe
• runs on toes
• walk downstairs with alternating feet
• catches large ball
• hops on one foot

Question 10

3-4 years

Answer 10

• throws ball 10 feet
• walks on line 10 feet
• hops 2-10 times on one foot
• long jumps up to 2 feet
• jump over obstacles up to 1 foot
• throws/catches small ball
• runs fast, avoids obstacles

Question 11

5-8 years

Answer 11

• skips on alternate feet
• Gallops
• Hopscotch, one foot, controlled, single leg squats
• jumps with rhythm (jump rope)
• bounces large ball
• control with kicking ball
• limbs grow faster than trunk

Question 12

9-12 years

Answer 12

• Mature patterns of movement in throwing, jumping, running
• Competition increases, enjoys competitive games
• Improved balance, coordination, endurance, attention span
• Boys = preadolescence fat spurt
• Girls = body prepubescent changes

Question 13

13 + years

Answer 13

• rapid growth
• COG changes
• balance, etc. may plateau